人工试验湖泊浮游藻类群落的生态学研究
Ecological INFLUENCES OF phytoplankton community IN an experimental man-made lake
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摘要: 为了对转基因(CAgcGH)鲤的生态风险评估提供参考资料, 于2002年构建人工试验湖泊。研究分析了该人工湖泊浮游藻类群落的结构特征、季节动态、年际变化及其与水体各环境因子的关系。2006年至2010年间, 每季度采样, 共鉴定出浮游藻类7门47属66种, 其中绿藻种类最多。双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)结果显示采样点数据可分为春夏秋冬4组, 说明该群落季节性明显。冬季群落结构简单, 多样性最低, 主要由小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)和分歧锥囊藻(Dinobryon divergens)组成; 春季, 小环藻、针杆藻(Synedra sp.)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)等几种硅藻占优势; 夏季群落结构复杂, 占优势的是银灰平裂藻(Merismopedia glauca)和螺旋鞘丝藻(Lyngbya contarta), 多样性最高; 秋季没有明显占优势的种类。5年间, 群落细胞密度上升了33.1%, 平均值为(1.430.75)106 cells/L; 硅藻在群落中所占比例从48.2%下降至16.2%, 而蓝藻从9.3%上升至42.2%。典范对应分析(CCA)的结果显示对浮游藻类影响最大的环境因子是温度和溶氧, 总氮浓度和总磷浓度的影响也是不可忽视的, 而pH在试验中对浮游藻类群落结构的影响有限。不同藻类在CCA排序图上有不同的分布格局, 一些硅藻主要分布在中低温采样点, 蓝藻集中分布在高温的采样点, 鼓藻主要出现在高透明度和高总磷浓度的采样点, 金藻主要分布在高溶氧浓度和低温的采样点。Abstract: To evaluate the possible ecological risks of transgenic (CAgcGH) common carp, an experimental man-made lake was set up in 2002. We investigated the phytoplankton community structure, seasonal dynamics, annual variations of phytoplankton, as well as its relationships with environmental factors. Samples of phytoplankton were collected seasonally from 2006 to 2010. Sixty-six species belonging to seven phyla and forty-seven genera were identified, among which Chlorophyta was the most. The results of two-way indicators species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed that the samples were congregated into four groups, which indicated obvious seasonal character. In winter, the community structure was simple.The biodiversity was the lowest. The community was mainly composed of Cyclotella sp. and Dinobryon divergens; in spring, several diatoms, such as Cyclotella sp., Synedra sp. and Melosira granulata became dominant species; in summer, community structure was the most complex, with the highest biodiversity, and Merismopedia glauca and Lyngbya contarta were dominant. In our five-year-experiment, the cell density rose by 33.1%, and mean annual cell density was (1.430.75) 106 cells/L; the percentage of diatoms in the phytoplankton community dropped from 48.2% to 16.2%, while the percentage of Cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community rose from 9.3% to 42.2%. The results of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) demonstrated that the community structure was mainly influenced by temperature and dissolved oxygen. The influence of the density of total phosphorus and nitrogen was non-negligitible, and the influence of pH was small. Diatoms mainly appeared in samples from middle and low temperature sites, blue-green algae mainly appeared in samples from high temperature sites, Desmidiales mainly appeared in samples from sites with high transparency and total phosphorus, and Chrysomonadales mainly appeared in samples from sites with high dissolved oxygen and low temperature.
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Keywords:
- Man-made lake /
- Phytoplankton /
- Community structure /
- Seasonal dynamics /
- Annual variation
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