长吻(鱼危)养殖群体与野生群体遗传多样性分析
ANALYSIS ON SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL REGION AND POPULATION GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE CULTIVATED AND NATURAL CHINESE LONGSNOUT CATFISH (LEIOCASSIS LONGIROSTRIS)
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摘要: 长吻(鱼危)(Leiocassis longirostris)是中国土著珍稀鱼类。近年来, 由于江河水利工程、环境污染及人类生产活动已经对江河的渔业资源造成了难以逆转的破坏, 长吻(鱼危)的渔业资源已逐渐枯竭。目前, 长吻(鱼危)在四川、广东等地实现适度规模养殖。以四川眉山、湖北石首和安徽淮南3个人工养殖长吻(鱼危)群体及4个长江野生长吻(鱼危)群体(重庆段、武汉段、安庆段和南京段)为实验材料, 利用线粒体DNA (mtDNA)控制区序列作为分子标记对135个个体的遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明, 在790 bp 的同源序列中, 长吻(鱼危) 3个养殖种群共检测到变异位点27个, 占全部序列的3.42%, 66个个体共检测到18种单倍型; 在野生群体中, 69个个体共检测到35个变异位点和36个单倍型, 长吻(鱼危)野生群体平均单倍型多样性和平均核苷酸多样性(Hd=0.9736±0.0070, Pi=0.0087±0.0015)高于长吻(鱼危)养殖群体(Hd=0.8867±0.0013, Pi=0.0056±0.0013); 群体间的遗传分化水平较低(Fst值为0.0014—0.1125)。采用邻接法(NJ法)和统计简约原理对所有单倍型进行系统发育树和统计简约网状图的构建, 结果表明: 各群体内的个体均不能分别构成独立的分支, 而是相互交叉聚在一起。分析结果表明, 长吻(鱼危)养殖群体与野生群体之间的基因交流充分, 未出现遗传分化, 但相对长吻(鱼危)野生群体, 长吻(鱼危)养殖种群多态性偏低。Abstract: The Chinese longsnout catfish is a semi-migratory fish which is commercially valuable in China. Due to overfishing, environmental pollution, and other human disturbances, the populations of this species have declined rapidly and disappeared in many river systems in the past decades. Currently, the Chinese longsnout catfish mainly inhabits the main streams of the Yangtze River and rarely found in lakes. At present, the Chinese longsnout catfish achieved appropriate scale farming in Sichuan, Guangdong and other places. However, seldom study was reported about analysis of population genetic structure using molecular markers. To protect and exploit this rare species effectively, investigations on population structures, resources and artificial reproduction have been conducted. In this study, the mitochondrial DNA control region were used to analyze genetic diversity and structure of 7 cultivated and natural populations of Chinese longsnout catfish collected from Meishan, Shishou, Huainan, Chongqing, Wuhan, Anqing and Nanjing named Meishan population, Shishou population, Huainan population, Chongqing population, Wuhan population, Anqing population and Nanjing population separately. The results showed the length of this region (D-loop) contained 790 bp nucleotides and the T, C, A and G contents were 31.5%, 25.3%, 29.1% and 14.1% respectively. Twenty-seven nucleotide sites and 18 haplotypes were found in 3 cultivated populations of Chinese longsnout catfish. Thirty-five nucleotide sites and 36 haplotypes were found in 4 natural populations of Chinese longsnout catfish. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of cultivated populations of Chinese longsnout catfish were relatively low (Hd=0.8867±0.0013, Pi=0.0056±0.0013). The level of genetic differentiation was relatively low (0.0014—0.1125). Molecular phylogenetic tree and statistical parsimony network constructed by NJ method and statistical parsimony principles showed individuals from the same stock did not cluster together, and individuals from three different stocks nested with each other. These results suggested gene flow was sufficient between breeding populations and wild populations. They had no obviously genetic differentiation between breeding populations and wild populations. The genetic diversity of the cultivated populations of Chinese longsnout catfish was low.
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Keywords:
- Leiocassis longirostris /
- mtDNA /
- Control region /
- Sequencing
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