螺旋藻粉替代饲料中鱼粉对异育银鲫幼鱼生长、饲料利用和蛋白沉积的影响
EFFECTS OF DIETARY FISHMEAL REPLACEMENT WITH SPIRULINA PLATENSIS POWDER ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, FEED UTILIZATION AND PROTEIN DEPOSITION IN JUVENILE GIBEL CARP (CARASSIS AURATUS GIBELIO VAR. CAS III)
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摘要: 实验以异育银鲫中科3号幼鱼(3.20.5) g为实验对象, 研究螺旋藻粉蛋白替代饲料鱼粉蛋白(0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用和蛋白沉积的影响。实验设计了6种等氮(38%)等脂(10%)等能(16.50 kJ)的饲料, 每处理3个重复。采用室内循环水养殖系统, 表观饱食投喂。实验水温为(283)℃, 实验共持续60d。结果发现:随藻粉替代比例的增加, 鱼摄食率显著上升; 饲料效率则呈显著下降趋势; 特定生长率在20%替代组与鱼粉组无显著差异(P0.05), 其他各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 蛋白沉积率在20%、60%替代时与鱼粉组无显著差异(P0.05), 其他替代组显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 肥满度在各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 鱼体蛋白随藻粉替代比例的增加呈现先持平后降低的趋势, 鱼体脂肪则呈先降低后升高的变化; 20%、40%和60%替代组全鱼灰分均高于全鱼粉组; 肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和-淀粉酶)在替代组和对照组间均无显著差异(P0.05); 干物质表观消化率随藻粉蛋白替代比例的增加而呈显著上升, 蛋白的表观消化率则呈显著下降趋势, 总磷表观消化率在20%替代时最低, 在100%替代时最高。综合特定生长率和蛋白沉积率情况, 当鲫幼鱼饲料中鱼粉含量约为50%, 且鱼粉为唯一蛋白源时, 螺旋藻粉蛋白可替代饲料中20%鱼粉蛋白。Abstract: To investigate effects of dietary replacement fishmeal protein with Spirulina platensis powder protein on feed intake, growth performance, feed utilization and protein deposition in juvenile gibel carp (Carassis auratus gibelio var. CAS ), six isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergitic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of fishmeal protein replacement by Spirulina platensis. (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively) for a 60-day trial. Triplicates of 20 fish [initial body weight of (3.20.5) g] were fed to apparent satiation with six experiment diets., The water temperature was (283)℃ during the experiment. With the increased proportion of Spirulina platensis in diets, feeding rate (FR) was significantly elevated while feed efficiency (FE) was significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) between fishmeal group (FM) and 20% of Spirulina platensis replacement (SP20) (P0.05), of which was significantly higher in fishmeal group than other groups (P0.05). Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in protein retention efficiency (PRE) between FM, SP20, SP60 (P0.05), while other groups were significantly lower than that of the FM group (P0.05). The condition factor (CF) of FM group was significantly higher than other groups (P0.05). The carcass protein of SP100 group was significantly lower than other group (P0.05). A trend was observed in carcass fat, which the content of fat decreased from FM to SP40 group then increased from SP40 to SP100. The carcass ash of fish was significantly higher in SP20, SP40, SP60 than FM group (P0.05). There was no significant difference among all treatments in intestinal digestive enzyme (trypsin, lipase, -amylase) (P0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter significantly increased, while apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein significantly decreased with the increased content of Spirulina platensis (P0.05). The lowest apparent digestibility coefficient of total phosphorus was at SP20, and the highest one was at SP100. According to the variation of SGR and PER among all treatments, the optimum proportion of Spirulina platensis replacement dietary fishmeal protein was 20% while fishmeal as the sole protein source in the diet (the content of fishmeal in diet was about 50%).
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Keywords:
- Gibel carp /
- Spirulina platensis /
- Fishmeal /
- Protein replacement /
- Aquatic feed
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