RESTORATION OF FLESH FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN DARKBARBEL CATFISH (PELTEOBAGRUS VACHELLI) USING A FINISHING FISH OIL DIET
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Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 50%-100% soybean oil on growth performance and flesh fatty acid composition of darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli), so as to assess the effects of refeeding fish oil (FO) on flesh fatty acid composition. Four isonitrogenous, isolipidic diets, i.e., FO, soybean oil (SO), 50% FO+50% SO (S1), and 25% FO+75% SO (S2), were fed to triplicate groups of 40 juvenile P. vachelli[(1.10±0.12) g] for 80d. At the end of the 80d period, all fish were fed with FO for 30d. The results showed that growth rates, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and proximate composition in darkbarbel catfish were not affected by SO. With increasing SO levels, the percentages of oleic acid, arachidonic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels and n-3/n-6 ratios significantly reduced with dietary SO (P < 0.05). After 30d on FO, flesh levels of DHA, EPA, and Σ n-3 HUFA significantly increased in groups S2 and SO (P < 0.05), but not to the same extent as those in the FO-containing groups except S1. The results revealed that it was possible to substitute almost 100% of FO with SO in the diets of darkbarbel catfish without affecting growth performance. A refeeding period of 30d with 100% FO significantly increased flesh levels of Σn-3 HUFA, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in fish which were fed diets containing SO in the first stage.
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Keywords:
- Pelteobagrus vachelli /
- Fish oil /
- Vegetable oil /
- n-3 high unsaturated fatty acids /
- Restoration
摘要: 为研究植物油替代鱼油对瓦氏黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus vachelli）生长及肌肉脂肪组成的影响及重投喂鱼油对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响，实验以大豆油分别替代饲料中的0（FO）、50（S1）、75（S2）和100%（SO）的鱼油配制等氮、等能的颗粒饲料，每组设置3个平行，养殖80d后，再投喂鱼油30d。结果表明，饲料中添加豆油不会显著影响瓦氏黄颡鱼的增重率、肝体指数和体成分（P>0.05）。随着饲料中大豆油含量的增加，S2和SO组肌肉中C18：1n-9、C18：2n-6和单不饱和脂肪酸比例显著增加（P < 0.05），而C20：5n-3，C22：5n-3及n-3/n-6比例显著下降（P < 0.05）。再投喂鱼油30d后，SO组肌肉中C18：3n-6、C20：4n-6、Σ n-9、Σ n-6和S2组中C18：1n-9、Σ n-6比例显著下降（P < 0.05），而S2和SO组肌肉中Σn-3多不饱和脂肪酸、C20：5n-3和C22：5n-3比例显著增加（P < 0.05）。在生产中，可采用先植物油饲料、后鱼油饲料的养殖方式提高瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉品质（增加有益人类健康的多不饱和脂肪酸）。-
关键词:
- 瓦氏黄颡鱼 /
- 鱼油 /
- 豆油 /
- n-3多不饱和脂肪酸 /
- 脂肪酸修复
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Table 1 Ingredients (g/100 g) and chemical composition of the experimental diets
Ingredients Dietary treatments FO S1 S2 SO Fish meal 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 Flour 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 Mineralsa 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Vitaminsb 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Additives 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Fish oil 5.00 2.50 1.50 0.00 Soybean oil 0.00 2.50 3.50 5.00 Chemical composition (g/100 g dry matter) Dry matter 87.80 89.20 89.20 88.70 Crude protein 45.60 44.30 44.30 44.70 Crude lipid 7.60 7.80 7.80 8.10 Ash 11.20 11.80 11.80 11.90 Gross energy (kJ/g) 18.70 20.10 20.10 18.90 Note: FO: Fish oil diet; S1: 50% soybean oil+50% fish oil; S2: 75% soybean oil+25% fish oil; SO: Soybean oil; a. Mineral premix (mg/kg diet): NaCl, 500; MgSO4·7H2O, 4575.0; NaH2PO4·2H2O, 12500.0; KH2PO4, 16000.0; Ca (H2PO4)2·H2O, 6850.0; FeSO4, 1250.0; C6H10CaO6·5H2O, 1750.0; ZnSO4·7H2O, 111.0; MnSO4·4H2O, 61.4; CuSO4·5H2O, 15.5; CoSO4·6H2O, 0.5; KI, 1.5; Starch, 6, 385.1; b. Vitamin premix (per kg diet): vitamin A, 5, 500 IU; vitamin D3, 1, 000 IU; vitamin E, 50 IU; vitamin K, 10 mg; niacin, 100 mg; riboflavin, 20 mg; pyridoxine, 20 mg; thiamin, 20 mg; biotin, 0.1 mg; D-calcium pantothenate 50 mg; folacin, 5 mg; B12, 20 mg; ascorbic acid, 100 mg; inositol, 100 mg 
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Table 2 Fatty acid composition of the experimental diets (% total fatty acids; mean±SD, n=3)
Fatty acid FO S1 S2 SO 18:1n-9 42.48 43.5 46.98 50.61 18:2n-6 17.52 14.7 11.93 7.51 18:3n-6 0.61 0.46 0.43 0.41 20:1n-9 3.12 3.03 2.22 1.37 20:3n-6 0.31 0.38 0.44 0.37 22:1n-9 2.83 2.97 3.96 5.05 20:4n-6 0.51 0.37 0.29 0.21 22:2 0.23 - - 0.20 20:5n-3 1.85 1.33 1.14 0.68 24:1n-9 0.24 0.30 0.36 0.48 22:5n-3 0.46 0.32 0.26 0.22 22:6n-3 1.99 1.36 0.52 0.30 ∑SFA1 23.23 27.00 28.00 30.77 ∑MUFA2 48.95 50.34 56.39 57.96 ∑HUFA3 27.82 22.66 15.61 11.27 n-34 4.90 3.00 1.92 1.20 n-65 19.15 15.91 11.09 8.50 n-3/n-6 0.26 0.19 0.17 0.14 Note:1 SFA: saturated fatty acid; 2 MUFA: mono unsaturated fatty acid; 3 HUFA: high unsaturated fatty acid; 4 n-3: 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3;5 n-6: 18:2 n-6, 18:3 n-6, 20:3 n-6, and 20:4 n-6
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Table 3 Growth performance of darkbarbel catfish at the end of growth period (GP) and restoration period (RP; % total fatty acids; mean±SD; n=9)
Group FO S1 S2 SO RP GP RP GP RP GP RP GP Initial body weight (g) 1.11±0.17 1.13±0.12 1.11±0.15 1.11±0.12 Final body weight (g) 8.02±3.90 11.42±2.71 11.32±5.28 14.65±4.13 11.40±4.30 14.62±3.75 8.50±3.22 12.39±4.17 Feed intake (g/fish) 17.72±1.28 7.75±1.29 23.78±1.35 8.79±1.47 23.81±1.31 8.83±1.53 19.75±0.24 8.94±1.46 Liver weight (g) 0.13±0.08 0.19±0.08 0.21±0.12 0.24±0.06 0.21±0.08 0.23±0.05 0.16±0.06 0.23±0.07 SGR (%/d) 1.89±0.49 1.92±0.45 2.20±0.51 2.10±0.48 2.28±0.39 2.25±0.26 1.98±0.35 2.04±0.32 HSI (%) 1.59±0.34 1.62±0.41 1.82±0.33 1.78±0.48 1.83±0.38 1.76±0.45 1.83±0.24 1.69±0.35 FCR 1.92±0.25 1.98±0.34 2.07±0.32 2.14±0.26 2.18±0.23 2.27±0.17 2.21±0.29 2.01±0.36 Note: Means with different superscripts represent statistically significant differences within the same row (P < 0.05); the same applies below
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Table 4 Proximate composition (%) of darkbarbel catfish at the end of the 80d period on the experimental diets and at the end of the 30d period on the fish oil diet (mean±SD; n=3;N=36)
Groups Dietary treatments FO S1 S2 SO Flesh on experimental diet (80d) Moisture 75.42±1.79 76.12±1.53 75.99±1.86 74.76±1.81 Protein 16.23±0.62 16.83±0.71 15.91±0.98 16.72±0.49 Lipid 7.83±0.76 8.12±0.68 7.98±0.82 7.59±0.94 Ash 1.25±0.83 1.17±0.96 1.22±0.65 1.29±0.47 Flesh on FO diet (30d) Moisture 74.98±2.46 75.91±1.38 75.69±1.86 76.13±1.25 Protein 17.35±0.92 17.62±0.85 17.47±0.33 16.94±0.28 Lipid 7.65±0.84 7.19±0.97 8.02±0.54 7.98±0.69 Ash 1.19±0.96 1.28±0.57 1.17±0.64 1.24±0.39
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Table 5 LPL and HL activities at the end of the 80d period on the experimental diets and at the end of the 30d period on the fish oil diet (mean±SD; n=9)
Groups Dietary treatments FO S1 S2 SO On experimental diet (80d) LPL 1.59±0.12a 1.28±0.09b 1.09±0.13b 0.97±0.08b HL 1.51±0.09 1.47±0.15 1.39±0.17 1.45±0.08 On FO diet (30d) LPL 1.85±0.15a 1.78±0.08a 1.45±0.11b 1.15±0.08b HL 1.65±0.12 1.62±0.08 1.62±0.06 1.40±0.11
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Table 6 Flesh fatty acid composition at the end of growth period (GP) and restoration period (RP; % total fatty acids; mean±SD; n=9)
Groups FO S1 S2 SO GP RP GP RP GP RP GP RP Σ SFA 28.51±1.06a 28.90±0.21 23.72±1.10b 24.08±0.94 22.96±0.32b 24.83±0.59 17.85±0.49c 19.68±0.92* Σ MUFA 51.57±2.59a 51.03±0.63 58.57±1.44b 58.10±1.72 59.97±0.61b 58.11±0.83 60.72±1.24b 60.41±1.47 Σ n-9 19.91±2.50ab 20.05±0.61 17.70±0.36a 18.49±1.70 17.05±0.66c 17.04±0.40 21.41±1.22a 18.89±0.57* 18:1n-9 44.82±2.41a 44.42±0.54 53.46±1.51b 53.07±1.55 55.32±0.50b 52.58±0.82* 57.60±1.03c 57.50±1.67 Σ n-6 43.29±2.42a 43.05±0.50 50.57±1.34a 49.62±1.77 52.72±0.66b 50.43±0.83* 53.92±1.11b 51.33±1.69* 18:2n-6 14.77±1.71 14.65±0.42 13.44±0.52 14.19±1.13 13.45±0.54 13.99±0.16 13.46±1.14 13.93±0.59 18:3n-6 12.91±1.19a 12.65±0.42 12.26±0.63a 12.43±1.02 11.96±0.66a 11.47±0.15 14.52±1.14b 12.96±0.49* 20:4n-6 0.31±0.03a 0.32±0.01 0.37±0.02b 0.35±0.01 0.42±0.04b 0.40±0.02 0.49±0.05c 0.44±0.01* Σ n-3 HUFA 4.39±0.53a 4.30±0.40 3.89±0.75b 4.07±0.72 3.04±0.11c 3.43±0.23* 3.08±0.28c 3.42±0.12* 20:5n-3 0.66±0.08a 0.61±0.06 0.57±0.04b 0.60±0.08 0.47±0.08c 0.52±0.09* 0.45±0.05c 0.49±0.05* 22:5n-3 0.56±0.01a 0.53±0.05 0.41±0.01b 0.44±0.03 0.37±0.01b 0.43±0.01* 0.35±0.01b 0.42±0.06* 22:6n-3 3.16±0.41a 3.18±0.32 2.39±0.35b 2.82±0.41* 2.23±0.10b 2.69±0.17* 2.29±0.20b 2.65±0.19* n-3/n-6 0.29±0.01a 0.29±0.02 0.28±0.06a 0.29±0.06 0.22±0.00b 0.26±0.01* 0.23±0.02b 0.25±0.01 Note: Only major fatty acids and fatty acid classes are reported; Means within the same rows with different superscripts are signifi-cantly different within GP (P < 0.05). Means with asterisk superscripts are significantly different between GP and RP within the same group (P < 0.05)
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