FISH COMMUNITY PATTERN AND DIVERSITY AFFECTED BY WATER AND SEDIMENT REGULATION IN SHANDONG SECTION OF THE YELLOW RIVER
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摘要:
文章于2019—2021年调水调沙前后利用多种网具对黄河山东段4个站位开展鱼类资源调查, 研究了黄河山东段鱼类群落的种类组成、生态类型、优势种、生物多样性及环境影响因子等。结果表明, 山东段共采集鱼类59种, 隶属于10目20科, 调水前优势种为鲫(Carassius auratus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲻(Mugil cephalus)、鮻(Liza haematocheilus), 调水后优势种为鲫、鳊、鲤、赤眼鳟。多样性指数方面Shannon-Wiener指数、丰富度指数差异较显著(0.01<P<0.05), 均匀度指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。聚类分析表明, 调水调沙前后黄河山东段鱼类群落结构在相似水平为45%时可以划分为2组, 调水调沙后东阿断面(AH2)与其他断面相比具有较强的差异性; 相似水平为60%时可以划分为4组, 分别为A组群(AH3、BH3和BH2)、B组群(AH1和BH1)、C组群(AH4和BH4)、D组群(AH2)。SIMPER分析显示, A组群平均相似率为60.66%, 特征种包括鳊、翘嘴鲌、赤眼鳟、鮻、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), B组群平均相似率为66.38%, 特征种包括鳊、鲫、鲇(Silurus asotus)、鲤、䱗(Hemiculter leucisculus), C组群平均相似率为68.48%, 特征种包括鲤、鲫、翘嘴鲌、鳊、鮻。RDA分析表明径流量、总磷是影响群落结构的主要因子。基于以上结果, 研究对比黄河各河段鱼类群落结构特征, 分析调水调沙对黄河山东段鱼类群落格局及多样性的影响, 发现庞口湾作为鱼类栖息地的重要性并提出保护建议。研究可为黄河山东段渔业资源保护和可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。
Abstract:To practice the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the species composition, biomass, dominant species, biodiversity and environmental factors were surveyed at 4 sampling sections in Shandong section of the Yellow River before and after water and sediment regulation (WSR) in June and July by multi-mesh composite gillnets and ground cage nets. The results showed that 59 fish species, belonging to 9 orders and 19 families were collected in Shandong section. The dominant species changed non-significant before and after water diversion. However, there were significant differences between Shannon-wiener index (0.01<P<0.05) and the Margalef index, but Pielou index showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Cluster analysis showed that all sections could be divided into four groups when the similarity level was 60%, among which the Dong’e (AW2) section displayed strong difference after WSR. Furthermore, RDA analysis indicated that velocity and TP were the main factors affecting community structure. Based on the results, we found that the species number and Shannon-Wiener index significant increased in Shandong section of the Yellow River over the past decade. This positive trend was attributed to fish following the water and sediment regulation and residing in the area between Dongping Lake and the Yellow River, characterized by slow flowing water, abundant baits, and low sedimentcontent. Additionally, the stabilization and normalization of the Yellow River runoff had transformed previously dry section into habitats rich in water, effectively forming a river inlet for fish. Moreover, the irregular opening of the sluice in Dongping Lake not only enriched the bait species in Pangkou Inlet, but also provided a path for fish, such as Coilia nasus, to enter the Yellow River. In view of the fish community structure and diversity in Shandong section of the Yellow River, this study recommends implementing environmental restoration in Pangkou Inlet, enhancing the protection of rare species, conducting research on endemic species, maintaining stability of the Yellow River runoff and optimizing flow management in Shandong section of the Yellow River to ensure a more scientifically guided approach.
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图 2 调水调沙前后黄河山东段鱼类群落结构CLUSTER分析结果
Figure 2. Results of CLUSTER analysis of fish community structure before and after WSR
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图 3 MDS分析结果
AH代表调水调沙后站位; BH代表调水调沙前站位
Figure 3. Results of MDS analysis
AH stands for the spot after WSR; BH stands for the spot before WSR
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图 4 物种信息与环境变量之间RDA排序图
Figure 4. RDA ordination of species information and environmental factors of each sampling section
表 1 调水调沙、各站位采样的具体日期
Table 1 Specific date of water and sediment regulation (WSR) and sampling at each spot
采样点
Sampling spot调水调沙日期
Date of WSR采样日期
Sampling date鄄城Juancheng 2019.7.3—20 2019.6.15—17; 2019.7.22—23 2020.7.8—24 2020.6.10—12; 2020.8.1—2 2021.6.22—7.10 2021.6.8—9; 2021.7.13—14 东阿Dong’e 2019.7.4—20 2019.6.17—19; 2019.7.23—24 2020.7.9—24 2020.6.12—14; 2020.8.3—4 2021.6.20—7.10 2021.6.9—10; 2021.7.14—15 高清Gaoqing 2019.7.6—20 2019.6.19—21; 2019.7.24—25 2020.7.10—24 2020.6.14—16; 2020.8.5—6 2021.6.25—7.10 2021.6.10—11; 2021.7.15—16 垦利Kenli 2019.7.7—20 2019.6.21—23; 2019.7.25—26 2020.7.11—24 2020.6.16—18; 2020.8.7—8 2021.6.26—7.10 2021.6.11—12; 2021.7.16—17 
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表 2 采样点分布
Table 2 Distribution of sampling spots
采样点
Sampling
spot编号
Serial number经度
Longitude
(E)纬度
Latitude
(N)与小浪底
水库距离
Distance from
Xiaolangdi
Reservoir (km)鄄城Juancheng H1 115°27′
16.092″E35°39′
44.508″N309.5 东阿Dong’e H2 116°13′
13.444″E36°10′
18.013″N413.3 高清Gaoqing H3 117°48′
44.949″E37°16′
14.781″N584.8 垦利Kenli H4 118°30′
56.705″E37°36′
34.816″N676.8
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表 3 调水调沙前后渔获量数据汇总
Table 3 Summary of catch data before and after WSR
站位
Spot采样时间
Sampling time重量
Weight (kg)数量(尾)
No. (ind.)H1 BW 22.73 122 AW 32.71 165 H2 BW 46.36 178 AW 75.46 558 H3 BW 19.08 101 AW 26.26 120 H4 BW 37.01 76 AW 36.77 92 注: AW代表调水调沙后; BW代表调水调沙前(下表同)Note: AW stands for after WSR; BW stands for before WSR (the same applies bellow)
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表 4 渔获物相对重要指数
Table 4 Index of relative importance (IRI) of the main fishes
种类Species 调水调沙前BW 调水调沙后AW 鲫Carassius auratus 1403 2148 鳊Parabramis pekinensis 2698 1363 鲤Cyprinus carpio 1297 1041 赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus 2291 1028 鲇Silurus asotus 936 996 红鳍原鲌Culterichthys erythropterus 489 938 翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus 1471 739 鳙Aristichthys nobilis 386 711 草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus 1596 679 鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 589 618 鲻Mugil cephalus 1122 865 鮻Liza haematocheilus 1072 455 乌鳢Channa argus 522 537 䱗Hemiculter leucisculus 388 269 乌苏里拟鲿Tachysurus ussuriensis <100 494 似鳊Pseudobrama simoni 323 395 光泽黄颡鱼Tachysurus nitidus 212 331
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表 5 调水调沙前后鱼类群落多样性指数
Table 5 Diversity of fish community before and after WSR
多样性指数
Index of diversityH1 H2 H3 H4 BW AW BW AW BW AW BW AW H′ 1.98 2.19 2.18 2.57 1.87 2.07 1.84 2.23 J′ 0.69 0.73 0.73 0.63 0.66 0.62 0.71 0.69 R 3.28 5.38 3.52 6.28 3.15 4.01 2.53 2.85
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表 6 调水调沙前后环境因子数据
Table 6 Environmental factor data before and after WSR
站位Spot 时间Time Flow.V (m/s) T (℃) pH DO (mg/L) TP (mg/L) TN (mg/L) Chl.a (μg/L) H1 BW 1.07±0.31a 18.5±0.2 8.1±0.09 6.12±2.03 0.11±0.005a 3.8±1.7 2.76±0.74 AW 3.85±1.31b 18.4±0.3 7.8±0.11 6.68±2.21 0.035±0.01b 3.97±1.5 2.12±0.65 H2 BW 1.03±0.23a 18.8±0.3 8.1±0.12 6.44±2.13 0.056±0.02a 2.8±1.31a 2.94±1.01 AW 3.92±1.32b 18.6±0.1 7.7±0.13 6.56±1.98 0.032±0.01b 7.26±2.4b 2.23±0.66 H3 BW 0.87±0.26a 18.1±0.1 8.7±0.23 6.61±2.23 0.031±0.01a 2.4±1.0 3.16±1.13 AW 3.68±1.43b 18.2±0.1 8.1±0.11 6.13±1.89 0.028±0.01b 3.1±1.2 3.11±1.05 H4 BW 0.84±0.11a 18.3±0.2 8.2±0.12 6.63±1.13 0.025±0.01 2.4±0.9a 2.88±0.88 AW 3.65±0.12b 18.1±0.2 7.7±0.11 6.79±1.89 0.024±0.01 10.7±2.3b 1.17±0.65 变化范围 BW 0.84—3.85 18.1—18.8 8.1—8.7 6.12—6.63 0.025—0.11 2.4—3.8 2.76—3.16 Variation range AW 3.65—3.85 18.1—18.6 7.7—8.1 6.13—6.79 0.024—0.035 3.1—10.7 1.17—3.11 注: 不同的字母上标表示调水调沙前后差异显著性(P<0.05)Note: Different letter superscripts indicate significant difference before and after WSR (P<0.05)
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表 7 黄河各省河段调查关键结果对比
Table 7 Comparison of key results of the Yellow River reach survey in different provinces
黄河河段
Section of Huang River调查时间
Time方法
Method物种数
Species No.稀有、特有鱼类
Rare and endemic species优势种
IRI>1000环境因子
Environmental factor宁蒙段Ningxia section[1] 2019年4月、7月、10月 刺网、笼壶、走访 26 瓦式雅罗鱼 鲤、鲫、瓦氏
雅罗鱼— 山西段Shanxi section[2] 2011年6月、8月 电捕、笼壶 42 彩石鲋 鲤、鲇、鲫、麦穗鱼 — 陕西段Shaanxi section[3] 2013—2015每季度 电捕、刺网、网箔 58 兰州鲇 鲤、鲇、鲫、䱗 — 河南段Henan section[4] 2010年夏季、2011年夏季 刺网、电捕、走访 39 — 鲫、鲇、黄颡鱼、䱗 — 河口Estuary[9] 2013年6—8月 底拖网 53 松江鲈 矛尾虾虎鱼、
短吻红舌鳎径流量、营养盐 山东段Shandong section 201—2021年6月、7月 刺网、笼壶、走访 59 刀鲚、大鼻吻鮈 鲫、鳊、鲤、
赤眼鳟径流量、总磷
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附表 S1 黄河山东段鱼类名录
Appendix S1 Fish species recorded in Shandong section of the Yellow River
种类
Species生态类型
Ecological
guildsH1 H2 H3 H4 BW AW BW AW BW AW BW AW 鲤形目Cypriniformes 鲤科Cyprinidae 鲌亚科Culterinae 翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus V, C, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 红鳍原鲌Culterichthys erythropterus V, C, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 达氏鲌Culter dabryi V, C, U ＋ ＋ ＋ 䱗Hemiculter leucisculus D, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 贝氏䱗Hemiculter bleekeri D, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 似鱎Toxabramis swinhonis D, O, U ＋ 团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala V, H, L ＋ ＋ 鲂Megalobrama skolkovii V, H, L ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 鳊Parabramis pekinensis S—P, H, L ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 寡鳞飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis S—P, O, U ＋ 鲤亚科Cyprininae 鲫Carassius auratus V, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 鲤Cyprinus carpio V, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 雅罗鱼亚科Leuciscinae 赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus S—P, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus S—P, O, De ＋ 草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus S—P, H, L ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 鲢亚科Hypophthalmichthyinae 鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix S—P, H, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 鳙Hypophthalmichthys nobilis S—P, H, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 鮈亚科Gobioninae 麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva D, O, L ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis D, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 红鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys sciistius D, O, L ＋ 蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi S—P, O, L ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus V, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 大鼻吻鮈Rhinogobio nasutus D, C, De ＋ 银鮈Squalidus argentatus S—P, O, L ＋ 鳅鮀亚科Gobiobotinae 平鳍鳅鮀Gobiobotia homalopteroidea S—P, C, De ＋ 鱊亚科Acheilognathinae 高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus D, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis D, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus D, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ 兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis D, O, U ＋ ＋ 鲴亚科Xenocyprinae 似鳊Pseudobrama simoni Pe, H, L ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 银鲴Xenocypris macrolepis S—P, H, L ＋ ＋ 鳅科Cobitidae 泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus D, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus D, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 花斑副沙鳅Parabotia fasciata D, O, De ＋ 紫薄鳅Leptobotia taeniops D, O, De ＋ 鲇形目Siluriformes 鲿科Bagridae 黄颡鱼Tachysurus sinensis D, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 光泽黄颡鱼Tachysurus nitidus D, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 乌苏里拟鲿Tachysurus ussuriensis D, O, De ＋ ＋ ＋ 鲇科Siluridae 鲇Silurus asotus D, C, L ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 胡鲶科Clariidae 尖齿胡鲶Clarias gariepinus D, C, L ＋ 鲱形目Clupeiformes 鳀科Engraulidae 刀鲚Coilia nasus Pe, C, U ＋ ＋ 鲑形目Salmoniformes 胡瓜鱼科Osmeridae 池沼公鱼Hypomesus olidus V, C, L ＋ 银鱼科Salangidae 太湖新银鱼Neosalanx taihuensis D, C, U ＋ 中国大银鱼Protosalanx chinensis D, C, U ＋ ＋ 鲻形目Mugiliformes 鲻科Mugilidae 鮻Liza haematocheilus Pe, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 鲻Mugil cephalus Pe, O, U ＋ ＋ ＋ 鲈形目Perciformes 真鲈科Percichthyidae 中国花鲈Lateolabrax maculatus V, C, U ＋ ＋ 鳢科Channidae 乌鳢Channa argus Pe, C, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 沙塘鳢科Odontobutidae 小黄䱂鱼Micropercops cinctus D, C, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophila V, C, De ＋ 斗鱼科Belontiidae 圆尾斗鱼Macropodus ocellatus Pe, C, U ＋ 鳜科Sinipercidae 翘嘴鳜Siniperca chuatsi S—P, C, U ＋ ＋ 虾虎鱼科Gobiidae 子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius similis D, C, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 波氏吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius cliffordpopei D, C, De ＋ 鳉形目Cyprinodontiformes 青鳉科Oryziatidae 青鳉Oryzias latipes D, O, U ＋ 合鳃目Symbranchiformes 刺鳅科Mastacembelidae 中华刺鳅Sinobdella sinensis D, C, De ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ 合鳃鱼科Synbranchidae 黄鳝Monopterus albus D, C, De ＋ ＋ 颌针鱼目 Beloniformes 鱵科Hemiramphidae 间下鱵Hyporhamphus intermedius D, C, U ＋ 鳗鲡目Anguilliformes 鳗鲡科Anguillidae 日本鳗鲡Anguilla japonica D, C, De ＋ 注: D. 沉性卵; V. 黏性卵; Pe. 浮性卵; S—P. 漂流性卵; C. 肉食性; O. 杂食性; H. 植食性; U. 中上层; L. 中下层; De. 底栖Note: D. deposit egg; V. viscid egg; Pe. pelagic egg; S—P. semi—pelagic egg; C. carnivore; O. omnivore; H. herbivore; U. up-per; L. lower; De. eemersal
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