EVALUATION OF FISHING BAN EFFECT IN THE CHISHUI RIVER BASED ON BODY LENGTH STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
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摘要:
为评估赤水河禁渔效果, 研究分析了禁渔前5年(2012—2016年)与禁渔后5年(2017—2021年) 20种主要鱼类种群的平均体长、种群体长比例分布(Proportional size distribution, PSD)及种群中性成熟个体占比变化。结果显示: 在禁渔持续5年后, 主要物种个体小型化初步缓解, 大个体及性成熟个体占比增加, 种群结构得到优化。其中, 16种鱼类种群平均体长增长1.7%—104.5% (P<0.05); 种群PSD值增长1—57 (P<0.05); 13种鱼类种群中性成熟个体占比增加1.0%—81.4%。但是, 并非所有物种都呈现一致性的表现, 有2种鱼类种群平均体长及PSD值无显著变化; 2种鱼类种群平均体长下降2.4%—6.2% (P<0.05), 种群PSD值下降3—15 (P<0.05)。7种鱼类种群中性成熟个体占比下降0.8%—18.1%。在禁渔后, 20种主要鱼类的种群体长结构变化存在差异, 这表明尽管大部分的优势鱼类种群结构得到有效改善, 赤水河鱼类的全面恢复却尚未实现。禁渔措施在促进部分鱼类资源恢复的同时, 也改变了鱼类群落结构, 并推动了整个水域生态系统的动态调整。因此文章建议, 赤水河禁渔应当持续, 并应在此基础上开展全面、长期、连续的监测和研究, 以期实现赤水河鱼类资源的有效恢复和生态系统服务功能的提升, 并为长江十年禁渔效果的评估及未来资源管理和生态保护提供可靠的理论和技术支撑。
Abstract:The prohibition on fishing in the Chishui River, implemented in 2017, serves as a pioneering demonstration zone for the 10-Year Fishing Ban in the Yangtze River. To assess the effectiveness of the fishing ban in the Chishui River, we analyzed the average body length, proportional size distribution (PSD), and changes in the proportion of sexually mature individuals for 20 major fish species over the first five years before the ban (2012—2016) and the subsequent five years after the ban (2017—2021). The results showed that after five years of the fishing ban, there was a preliminary alleviation of the downsizing trend in the individuals of major species, characterized by an increase in the proportion of larger individuals and sexually mature individuals, thereby optimizing the population structure. Specifically, the average body length of 16 fish species increased by 1.7% to 104.5% (P<0.05); PSD values for the populations increased by 1 to 57 (P<0.05); and the proportion of sexually mature individuals increased by 1.0% to 81.4% for 13 fish species. However, consistent performance across all species was not observed. Two fish species showed no significant changes in average body length and PSD values, while two fish species experienced a decrease of 2.4% to 6.2% in average body length (P<0.05) and a decrease of 3 to 15 in PSD values (P<0.05). The proportion of sexually mature individuals decreased by 0.8% to 18.1% for seven fish species. Following the commencement of the fishing ban, variations in body length structures were observed among different species, although the population structure of some of the major fish species had been effectively improved, the full recovery of fish species in the Chishui River had not yet been realized. While promoting the recovery of some fish resources, the fishing ban also changed the structure of the fish community and contributed to the dynamic adjustment of the entire aquatic ecosystem. Consequently, we recommend the continuation of the fishing ban in the Chishui River, along with long-term, continuous, and targeted monitoring and research. Such efforts are crucial for achieving the effective recovery of fishery resources in the Chishui River and enhancing ecosystem service functions. Furthermore, this study provides a reliable theoretical and technical foundation for evaluating the 10-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River and guiding future resource management and ecological conservation.
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图 2 赤水河20种主要鱼类种群禁渔前后平均体长变化
图中所示为平均体长±标准差, “*”表示具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 点状柱形图所示为平均体长显著下降(P<0.05)的种群, 无点状为显著增加(P<0.05)及无显著差异的种群
Figure 2. Changes in mean body length of 20 major fish species in the Chishui River before and after fishing ban
Results are shown as PSD values±confidence intervals, “*” indicate significant differences (P<0.05), Bar graph with dots show populations with significant decreases (P<0.05) in PSD values, and which without dots show significant increases (P<0.05) and populations with no significant differences
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图 3 赤水河20种主要鱼类种群禁渔前后PSD值(PSD-Q)变化
上图所示为PSD值±置信区间, “*”表示具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。点状柱形图所示为PSD值显著下降(P<0.05)的种群, 无点状为显著增加(P<0.05)及无显著差异的种群
Figure 3. Changes in PSD value (PSD-Q) of 20 major fish species in the Chishui River before and after fishing ban
Results are shown as PSD values±confidence intervals, “*” indicate significant differences (P<0.05). Bar graph with dots show populations with significant decreases (P<0.05) in PSD values, and which without dots show significant increases and populations with no significant differences
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图 4 赤水河6种主要鱼类种群禁渔前后PSD变化
Figure 4. Changes in PSD of 6 major fish species in the Chishui River before and after fishing ban
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图 5 赤水河20种主要鱼类禁渔前后种群性成熟个体占比变化
点状柱形图所示为性成熟占比下降的种群, 无点状为上升种群
Figure 5. Percentage of sexually mature individuals of 20 major fish species in the Chishui River before and after fishing ban
Bar graph without dots show populations with increases in percentage of sexually mature individuals after fishing ban, and those with dots show decreases
表 1 赤水河20种主要鱼类体长和样本数量
Table 1 Body length and sample size of 20 major fish species in the Chishui River
物种Species 在禁渔前(2012—2016年)
Before fishing ban (2012—2016)在禁渔后(2017—2021年)
After fishing ban (2017—2021)样本量
Sample
size最小采样体长
Minimum sample
body length
(mm)最大采样体长
Maximum Sample
body length
(mm)样本量
Sample
size最小采样体长
Minimum sample
body length
(mm)最大采样体长
Maximum Sample
body length
(mm)瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachelli 16539 62 370 5831 58 379 唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo 10911 55 261 4265 47 240 大鳍鳠Mystus macropterus 8272 33 330 3618 59 368 粗唇鮠Leiocassis crassilabris 9993 35 230 3083 38 308 蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi 9288 30 198 6514 40 241 切尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus truncatus 2900 58 220 3889 60 192 高体近红鲌Ancherythroculter kurematsui 2213 85 218 959 35 265 中华倒刺鲃Spinibarbus sinensis 2226 55 402 1678 55 525 泉水鱼Pseudogyrincheilus prochilus 1838 48 253 1254 50 228 墨头鱼Garra imberba 462 45 299 1527 76 342 飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis 1327 95 347 1480 100 302 黑尾近红鲌Ancherythroculter nigrocauda 476 35 362 1098 52 320 昆明裂腹鱼Schizothorax grahami 836 32 395 912 48 415 银鮈Squalidus argentatus 6004 25 155 14180 40 226 宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus 1657 29 144 2721 56 152 云南光唇鱼Acrossocheilus yunnanensis 1811 25 243 2770 35 237 鲇Silurus asotus 1104 34 575 424 54 550 鳜Siniperca chuatsi 1128 34 264 1439 41 313 翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus 451 35 522 771 50 496 岩原鲤Procypris rabaudi 830 79 390 268 55 380 
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