饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟生长性能、生理代谢和感官品质的影响

陈丽霞; 曹嵩靖; 孟玉琼; 孙国梁; 李长忠; 马睿

doi:10.7541/2024.2024.0059

饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟生长性能、生理代谢和感官品质的影响

陈丽霞^{1, 2,},
曹嵩靖^{1, 2,},
孟玉琼^{1, 2},
孙国梁^{1, 3},
李长忠^{1, 2},
马睿^{1, 3, ,}

1.
农业农村部高原冷水鱼养殖与生态环境保护重点实验室(部省共建), 西宁 810016
2.
青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁 810016
3.
省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016

基金项目: 青海省科技厅项目(2019-NK-104)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
陈丽霞(1994—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail: 2406213494@qq.com

曹嵩靖(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail: 1427310697@qq.com　*共同第一作者

通信作者:
马睿(1986—), 男, 博士, 教授; 主要从事水产动物营养与饲料学研究。E-mail: myrui713@163.com

中图分类号: S963.16
计量
- 文章访问数: 298
- HTML全文浏览量: 68
- PDF下载量: 44
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-07
- 修回日期: 2024-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-14

DIETARY PROTEIN AND LIPID LEVELS ON GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL METABOLISM AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF TRIPLOID RAINBOW TROUT

CHEN Li-Xia^{1, 2,},
CAO Song-Jing^{1, 2,},
MENG Yu-Qiong^{1, 2},
SUN Guo-Liang^{1, 3},
LI Chang-Zhong^{1, 2} and
MA Rui^{1, 3, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Plateau Cold-Water Fish Culture and Eco-Environmental Conservation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
2.
College of Ecological Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Funds: Supported by the Science and Technology Projects of Qinghai (2019-NK-104)

Corresponding author:

摘要

摘要:
研究采用3×3双因素实验设计, 配制3个饲料蛋白质水平(35%、40%和45%)和3个饲料脂肪水平(20%、25%和30%)的9种饲料探究饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss; 初始体重为1.5 kg)生长性能、生理代谢和感官品质的影响。实验结果表明: 在生长性能方面, 蛋白质水平为40%、脂肪水平≥25%的饲料组(P40L25和P40L30组)三倍体虹鳟增重率最高, 且P40L30组饲料系数最低。在生理代谢方面, 高蛋白质饲料(45%)会降低三倍体虹鳟内脏中的脂肪沉积, 并促进肝脏健康; 高脂肪饲料(30%)不会增加肝脏脂肪含量, 同时会提高肝脏抗氧化能力; 然而高蛋白质高脂肪饲料(P45L30)组肠道发生氧化损伤导致消化能力下降进而影响鱼类生长和饲料利用。在感官品质方面, 肌肉红色值在P45L30组最高, 饲料脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟肉质和气味无明显影响, 而投喂高蛋白质饲料(45%)会导致肉质下降。综合以上结果, 体重在1.5—2.5 kg生长阶段的三倍体虹鳟饲料中适宜的蛋白质水平为40%, 适宜脂肪水平为≥25%。
- 生长性能 /
- 生理代谢 /
- 感官品质 /
- 饲料营养 /
- 三倍体虹鳟
Abstract:
The study was conducted to estimate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance, physiological metabolism, and organoleptic quality of triploid rainbow trout weighting 1.5 kg. Nine diets were formulated with three levels of dietary protein (P) (35%, 40%, and 45%) and three levels of lipid (L) (20%, 25%, and 30%) using a 3×3 factorial design. In freshwater cages, 13500 adult female triploid rainbow trout (1.5 kg) were cultured for 8 weeks. Triplicate cages (500 fish per cage) were used as repetitions of each experimental diet. Results showed that the P40L25 and P40L30 groups exhibited the highest weight gain rate, and P40L30 groups showed the lowest feed conversion ratio. High protein diet (45%) reduced lipid deposition in the viscera and promoted liver health, evidenced by lower viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, decreased hepatic lipid content, and favorable plasma lipid profiles, along with higher hepatic lipoprotein lipase and total lipase activities. Additionally, a high lipid diet (30%) could increase fillet lipid content but not hepatic lipid content and enhanced liver antioxidative capacity. However, the group fed a diet with 45% protein and 30% lipid exhibited oxidative damage in the intestine, resulting in reduced digestion efficiency and subsequent decreases in growth and feed utilization. In addition, this group had the highest fillet redness value. Dietary lipid level did not affect fillet texture and odor, while high protein diet (45%) compromised fillet texture, characterized by higher fracturability and lower springiness. In total, for triploid rainbow trout weighting from 1.5—2.5 kg, the recommended P and L level based on growth performance was 40% and ≥25%, P and L based on feed utilization was 40% and ≥30%, P and L based on organoleptic quality was 40% and ≥25%, respectively. These results provide a basis for the establishment of a nutritional database and the development of an efficient and environmentally diet for triploid rainbow trout.
- Growth /
- Physiology /
- Quality /
- Nutrition /
- Triploid rainbow trout

HTML全文

表 1 实验饲料配方及营养成分(％干物质)

Table 1 Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets (% dry matter)

原料 Ingredient	组别Group
原料 Ingredient	P35/L20	P35/L25	P35/L30	P40/L20	P40/L25	P40/L30	P45/L20	P45/L25	P45/L30
红鱼粉 Brown fish meal¹	37	37	37	44	44	44	51	51	51
小麦粉Wheat meal¹	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15
木薯淀粉 Cassava starch¹	15	15	15	10	10	10	5	5	5
纤维素Cellulose	13.86	8.86	3.86	12.66	7.66	2.66	11.36	6.36	1.36
鱼油Fish oil	13.3	18.3	23.3	12.5	17.5	22.5	11.8	16.8	21.8
豆油Soybean meal	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
多维多矿 Vitamin-mineral premix²	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Ca (H₂PO₄)₂	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
丙酸钙 Calcium propionate	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
乙氧基喹啉 Ethoxyquin	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
甜菜碱Betaine	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Y₂O₃	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
虾青素Astaxanthin³	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
成分分析 Proximate analysis (n=3)
水分Moisture (%)	2.8	3.2	3.7	3.4	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.7
粗蛋白 Crude protein (% dry matter)	36.0	35.8	34.7	40.6	40.4	40.8	45.5	45.5	44.2
粗脂肪 Crude lipid (% dry matter)	20.6	25.9	30.4	19.7	24.5	29.3	19.4	25.3	29.4
能量Gross energy (kJ/g)	21.8	23.7	25.2	21.3	23.1	24.9	21.1	23.3	24.6
注: ¹红鱼粉, 粗蛋白68.4%, 粗脂肪8.7%; 小麦粉, 粗蛋白17.7%, 粗脂肪1.5%; 木薯淀粉, 粗蛋白0.8%, 粗脂肪 0.1%; ²多维多矿预混料包括0.5%的多维预混料和0.5%的多矿预混料(肉食性鱼类用, 通威农业发展有限公司); ³虾青素: 10% (CAROPHYLL^®, 帝斯曼, 荷兰)Note: ¹Brown fish meal containing 68.4% crude protein and 8.7% crude lipid. Wheat meal containing 17.7% crude protein and 1.5% crude lipid. Cassava starch containing 0.8% crude protein and 0.1% crude lipid; ²Vitamin-mineral premix included 0.5% vitamin premix and 0.5% mineral premix on the basis of our previous study^[2]. ³Astaxanthin: 10% (CAROPHYLL^®, DSM, Netherlands)

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance of triploid rainbow trout

组别 Group	初重 Initial weight (kg)	末重 Final weight (kg)	成活率 Survival rate (%)	增重率 Weight gain rate (%)	饲料系数 Feed conversion ratio	日摄食率 Feeding rate (%BW/d)	肥满度 Condition factor	脏体比 VSI	肝体比 HSI	肠长指数 RIL
P35L20	1.50± 0.19	2.06± 0.04	98.7± 1.0	31.4± 1.5^a	1.85± 0.08^c	0.89± 0.04	1.89± 0.02	10.8± 0.3	0.77± 0.02	0.330± 0.005
P35L25	1.51± 0.03	2.12± 0.05	97.7± 0.9	40.1± 1.5^bc	1.57± 0.07^abc	0.98± 0.02	1.92± 0.03	11.0± 0.3	0.79± 0.02	0.333± 0.009
P35L30	1.51± 0.02	2.11± 0.04	96.1± 1.7	39.6± 1.1^ab	1.45± 0.08^ab	0.96± 0.03	1.99± 0.04	11.1± 0.4	0.82± 0.02	0.364± 0.006
P40L20	1.46± 0.03	1.98± 0.05	96.9± 1.4	35.1± 1.2^ab	1.86± 0.11^c	1.00± 0.05	1.81± 0.03	10.3± 0.3	0.79± 0.02	0.344± 0.007
P40L25	1.49± 0.04	2.09± 0.06	97.7± 1.0	41.9± 3.7^c	1.44± 0.07^ab	1.00± 0.01	1.81± 0.04	10.6± 0.4	0.75± 0.02	0.337± 0.006
P40L30	1.45± 0.04	2.12± 0.04	96.0± 0.8	44.3± 2.2^c	1.36± 0.11^a	1.02± 0.01	1.83± 0.02	11.0± 0.4	0.76± 0.02	0.338± 0.007
P45L20	1.41± 0.02	1.98± 0.03	97.7± 1.1	41.0± 1.8^bc	1.48± 0.06^ab	0.98± 0.03	1.82± 0.03	10.0± 0.3	0.71± 0.02	0.319± 0.006
P45L25	1.51± 0.03	2.02± 0.05	98.2± 0.3	34.6± 2.0^ab	1.59± 0.06^abc	0.97± 0.04	1.73± 0.03	9.7± 0.3	0.69± 0.01	0.315± 0.006
P45L30	1.46± 0.03	1.90± 0.01	96.4± 0.4	32.3± 1.0^a	1.54± 0.09^abc	0.90± 0.04	1.76± 0.02	10.9± 0.4	0.68± 0.01	0.329± 0.006
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	1.51± 0.01	2.10± 0.02^B	97.5± 0.7	37.0± 1.6^A	1.62± 0.07	0.94± 0.02	1.93± 0.02^B	11.0± 0.2^B	0.79± 0.01^B	0.343± 0.004^B
P40	1.47± 0.02	2.06± 0.03^B	96.8± 0.6	40.5± 1.9^B	1.56± 0.09	1.01± 0.02	1.82± 0.02^A	10.6± 0.2^AB	0.76± 0.01^B	0.339± 0.004^B
P45	1.46± 0.02	1.97± 0.02^A	97.4± 0.4	36.0± 1.4^A	1.54± 0.04	0.95± 0.02	1.77± 0.02^A	10.2± 0.2^A	0.69± 0.01^A	0.321± 0.004^A
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	1.46± 0.02	2.01± 0.02	97.8± 0.6	35.9± 1.3	1.73± 0.07^Y	0.96± 0.03	1.84± 0.02	10.4± 0.2	0.75± 0.01	0.332± 0.004^X
L25	1.50± 0.02	2.07± 0.03	97.8± 0.4	38.9± 1.5	1.53± 0.04^XY	0.98± 0.01	1.82± 0.02	10.5± 0.2	0.74± 0.01	0.328± 0.004^X
L30	1.47± 0.02	2.04± 0.04	96.1± 0.5	38.8± 1.8	1.46± 0.05^X	0.96± 0.02	1.86± 0.02	11.0± 0.2	0.75± 0.01	0.343± 0.004^Y
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.130	0.004	0.722	0.038	0.429	0.074	0.000	0.049	0.000	0.012
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.237	0.184	0.111	0.149	0.002	0.636	0.083	0.161	0.982	0.014
交互Interaction	0.643	0.158	0.246	0.001	0.018	0.222	0.247	0.771	0.189	0.247
注: 数据表述为平均值±标准误, 同列数据上标不同字母(a, b等, 根据单因素方差分析结果)代表存在饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平显著交互作用(P<0.05), 同列数据上标不同字母(A, B和C, 根据双因素方差分析结果)代表受饲料蛋白质水平的显著影响(P<0.05), 同列数据上标不同字母(X, Y和Z, 根据双因素方差分析结果)代表受饲料脂肪水平的显著影响(P<0.05); 下同Note: Values are presented as mean±S.E.. Data in the same column with different superscripts (a, b,…based on One-way ANOVA) represent that the significant difference is discovered in the interaction (P<0.05), those with different superscripts (A, B, and C based on Two-way ANOVA) represent that the significant difference is discovered in the dietary protein level (P<0.05), and those with different superscripts (X, Y, and Z based on Two-way ANOVA) represent that the significant difference is discovered in the dietary lipid level (P<0.05); The same applies below

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟肝脏和肌肉成分的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on liver and fillet tissue compositions of triploid rainbow trout

组别Group	肝脏成分Liver composition			肌肉成分Fillet composition
组别Group	蛋白质 Crude protein (mg/g)	脂肪 Crude lipid (mg/g)	糖原 Glycogen (mg/g)	蛋白质 Crude protein (mg/g)	脂肪 Crude lipid (mg/g)	糖原 Glycogen (mg/g)
P35L20	61.7±1.2^b	96.9±2.5	14.9±1.4^a	219±1	81.6±2.0^b	0.45±0.02^bc
P35L25	63.2±1.3^bc	99.4±2.5	24.9±0.7^d	216±1	91.0±1.2^cd	0.41±0.02^b
P35L30	62.5±1.2^bc	91.5±2.5	19.8±0.3^bc	213±1	107±2^e	0.47±0.02^c
P40L20	52.5±0.7^a	84.4±3.5	18.1±2.9^ab	218±0	84.0±2.5^bc	0.57±0.02^d
P40L25	66.8±2.1^cd	75.8±1.3	18.2±0.1^ab	213±1	98.5±2.0^d	0.48±0.03^c
P40L30	69.6±2.2^d	80.7±1.7	21.8±1.0^bcd	214±1	95.3±2.6^d	0.76±0.02^e
P45L20	59.0±1.9^b	87.9±2.4	23.9±1.4^cd	218±2	72.9±2.7^a	0.43±0.01^bc
P45L25	69.2±1.5^d	89.7±3.1	22.5±0.2^bcd	219±1	84.2±4.7^bc	0.26±0.01^a
P45L30	75.8±0.6^e	87.4±2.4	22.7±0.7^cd	218±1	81.2±2.9^b	0.24±0.01^a
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	62.4±0.7^A	95.8±1.6^C	19.9±1.9^A	216±1^AB	93.1±2.6^B	0.44±0.01^B
P40	63.3±2.3^A	80.1±1.5^A	19.4±1.1^A	215±1^A	92.6±1.9^B	0.59±0.03^C
P45	67.4±2.1^B	88.3±1.5^B	23.0±0.5^B	218±1^B	79.4±2.2^A	0.31±0.02^A
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	58.4±1.3^X	90.1±2.0	19.0±1.9^X	219±1^Y	79.5±1.7^X	0.49±0.02^Y
L25	66.4±1.1^Y	87.7±2.6	21.9±1.3^Y	216±1^X	91.2±2.1^Y	0.39±0.02^X
L30	68.8±1.8^Y	86.5±1.6	21.4±0.6^Y	215±1^X	94.4±2.8^Y	0.47±0.05^XY
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.000	0.000	0.014	0.003	0.000	0.000
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.000	0.277	0.047	0.001	0.000	0.000
交互Interaction	0.000	0.063	0.008	0.082	0.003	0.000

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟血浆生化指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on plasma indexes of triploid rainbow trout

组别 Group	谷丙转氨酶 ALT (U/L)	谷草转氨酶 AST (U/L)	总蛋白 TP (g/L)	葡萄糖 CLU (mmol/L)	总胆固醇 CHOL (mmol/L)	甘油三酯 TG (mmol/L)	高密度胆固醇 HDL-C (mmol/L)	低密度胆固醇 LDL-C (mmol/L)
P35L20	2.33±0.33	247±10^bc	26.1±0.5^de	1.10±0.17	8.96±0.72^b	1.48±0.04^b	2.56±0.20^cd	3.82±0.46^c
P35L25	3.00±0.58	327±7^d	23.1±0.5^cd	0.70±0.06	7.34±0.81^b	1.14±0.05^ab	1.98±0.22^abc	3.27±0.50^abc
P35L30	3.00±0.00	311±21^d	30.3±2.5^e	1.77±0.33	12.4±1.0^c	1.47±0.33^b	3.00±0.18^d	5.86±0.75^d
P40L20	2.50±0.50	289±14^cd	21.5±1.3^bcd	1.70±0.10	7.87±0.38^b	1.18±0.11^ab	2.06±0.11^bc	3.17±0.16^abc
P40L25	2.67±0.33	283±6^cd	22.6±1.7^cd	1.50±0.30	8.19±0.66^b	0.93±0.13^a	2.04±0.14^bc	3.50±0.32^bc
P40L30	3.00±0.58	241±11^bc	19.5±1.1^bc	2.00±0.25	6.89±0.20^b	0.76±0.08^a	1.72±0.07^ab	2.87±0.13^abc
P45L20	1.50±0.50	182±31^a	16.4±2.9^b	0.80±0.10	4.35±0.58^a	0.70±0.20^a	1.41±0.37^ab	2.35±0.50^ab
P45L25	2.00±0.00	321±14^d	23.6±1.6^cd	1.25±0.15	8.35±0.38^b	0.93±0.10^a	1.88±0.21^abc	3.24±0.39^abc
P45L30	1.00±0.00	214±15^ab	11.2±0.4^a	1.13±0.17	3.77±0.01^a	0.63±0.13^a	1.29±0.29^a	2.05±0.43^a
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	2.78±0.22^B	288±16^B	26.5±1.5^B	1.19±0.19^A	9.20±0.84^B	1.39±0.12^B	2.45±0.18^B	4.13±0.47^B
P40	2.75±0.25^B	271±11^B	21.2±0.8^A	1.73±0.14^B	7.65±0.30^B	0.95±0.08^A	1.94±0.08^A	3.18±0.14^A
P45	1.50±0.22^A	239±28^A	17.0±2.4^A	1.07±0.10^A	5.49±0.93^A	0.75±0.09^A	1.53±0.17^A	2.55±0.28^A
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	2.14±0.26	240±19^X	21.3±1.7	1.25±0.15	7.40±0.75^X	1.12±0.13	2.01±0.21	3.12±0.29
L25	2.63±0.26	310±10^Y	23.0±0.8	1.14±0.17	7.91±0.39^Y	0.98±0.06	1.97±0.10	3.34±0.21
L30	2.50±0.38	255±20^X	20.2±3.0	1.63±0.18	7.56±1.36^XY	0.95±0.17	1.88±0.27	3.31±0.61
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.002	0.005	0.000	0.023	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.128	0.001	0.056	0.108	0.014	0.783	0.377	0.108
交互Interaction	0.085	0.008	0.002	0.131	0.000	0.023	0.045	0.027

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟消化酶活性的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on digestive enzymes activities of triploid rainbow trout

组别 Group	淀粉酶Amylase (U/mg prot)			脂肪酶Lipase (U/g prot)			蛋白酶Protease (U/mg prot)
组别 Group	胃 Stomach	幽门垂 Pyloric caeca	肠 Intestine	胃 Stomach	幽门垂 Pyloric caeca	肠 Intestine	胃 Stomach	幽门垂 Pyloric caeca	肠 Intestine
P35L20	0.18±0.01^a	0.23±0.01^ab	0.14±0.01^a	1.09±0.03^a	1.38±0.20^bc	0.62±0.09^a	3.45±0.12^bc	4.45±0.54	0.32±0.01^a
P35L25	0.18±0.01^a	0.26±0.01^b	0.16±0.01^ab	0.83±0.07^a	0.81±0.06^ab	0.76±0.04^a	3.22±0.10^b	4.84±0.17	1.55±0.10^b
P35L30	0.19±0.02^a	0.21±0.01^ab	0.20±0.02^ab	1.19±0.09^ab	0.81±0.07^ab	1.11±0.10^a	3.98±0.11^d	4.02±0.07	1.56±0.45^b
P40L20	0.18±0.00^a	0.17±0.00^a	0.17±0.01^ab	1.04±0.09^a	0.72±0.07^a	0.68±0.07^a	2.64±0.00^a	2.71±0.12	2.17±0.11^b
P40L25	0.16±0.01^a	0.17±0.01^a	0.15±0.00^ab	1.15±0.04^ab	0.77±0.03^ab	0.73±0.09^a	3.77±0.08^cd	2.66±0.17	0.27±0.01^a
P40L30	0.36±0.02^bc	0.45±0.02^e	0.44±0.03^d	2.66±0.22^d	3.36±0.17^e	2.69±0.14^b	10.8±0.2^g	1.31±0.34	2.13±0.32^b
P45L20	0.31±0.01^b	0.38±0.02^cd	0.31±0.05^c	1.79±0.03^c	2.93±0.32^de	2.43±0.40^b	8.25±0.06^f	13.8±3.8	0.11±0.01^a
P45L25	0.37±0.04^c	0.40±0.02^de	0.20±0.02^b	1.53±0.15^bc	2.73±0.21^d	2.50±0.30^b	8.74±0.19^f	18.8±3.2	0.38±0.12^a
P45L30	0.31±0.03^b	0.33±0.04^c	0.20±0.01^ab	1.85±0.17^c	1.95±0.34^c	2.45±0.31^b	5.95±0.33^e	13.3±3.3	0.32±0.01^a
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	0.19±0.01^A	0.23±0.01^A	0.16±0.01^A	1.03±0.06^A	0.97±0.10^A	0.85±0.08^A	3.55±0.15^A	4.44±0.21^A	1.14±0.29^B
P40	0.22±0.03^A	0.25±0.04^A	0.24±0.04^B	1.66±0.25^B	1.69±0.40^A	1.43±0.31^A	5.72±1.61^AB	2.22±0.31^A	1.52±0.40^B
P45	0.33±0.02^B	0.37±0.02^B	0.23±0.02^B	1.72±0.08^B	2.54±0.20^B	2.46±0.17^B	7.65±0.55^B	15.3±1.9^B	0.27±0.06^A
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	0.22±0.02^X	0.25±0.03^X	0.20±0.03^XY	1.33±0.12^X	1.70±0.33^X	1.19±0.29^X	4.78±1.11^X	6.98±2.39	0.86±0.41^X
L25	0.23±0.03^X	0.28±0.03^X	0.17±0.01^X	1.17±0.11^X	1.50±0.30^X	1.27±0.28^X	5.24±1.11^Y	8.78±3.31	0.73±0.26^X
L30	0.28±0.03^Y	0.32±0.03^Y	0.27±0.04^Y	1.90±0.20^Y	2.04±0.33^Y	2.08±0.24^Y	6.89±1.28^Z	6.21±2.45	1.34±0.37^Y
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.319	0.010
交互Interaction	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.659	0.000

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟肝脏代谢酶活性的影响

Table 6 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on hepatic metabolism enzymes of triploid rainbow trout

组别Group	氨基酸代谢酶Amino acid metabolism enzyme			脂肪代谢酶Lipid metabolism enzyme
组别Group	谷氨酸脱氢酶 GDH (U/mg prot)	谷丙转氨酶 ALT (U/g prot)	谷草转氨酶 AST (U/g prot)	肝酯酶 HL (U/mg prot)	脂蛋白酯酶 LPL (U/mg prot)	总酯酶 TL (U/mg prot)
P35L20	36.5±0.6^g	8.13±0.75^ab	16.1±0.4^abc	0.69±0.04^b	0.66±0.02^cd	1.34±0.05^cd
P35L25	23.1±0.3^e	8.86±1.21^ab	19.4±1.7^c	0.63±0.02^b	0.56±0.01^bc	1.18±0.03^bc
P35L30	26.3±0.4^f	7.63±0.05^ab	18.9±0.6^bc	0.61±0.03^b	0.48±0.03^ab	1.09±0.03^b
P40L20	16.3±0.2^c	9.69±0.42^b	23.6±1.2^d	0.81±0.05^c	0.83±0.06^ef	1.64±0.09^ef
P40L25	13.1±0.3^b	8.62±0.76^ab	18.0±0.6^bc	0.58±0.02^ab	0.72±0.04^de	1.30±0.05^cd
P40L30	18.4±0.2^d	6.62±0.43^a	14.5±1.6^ab	0.61±0.04^b	0.87±0.06^f	1.47±0.09^de
P45L20	11.1±0.4^a	8.84±0.39^ab	15.6±2.7^abc	0.90±0.04^c	0.87±0.06^f	1.78±0.10^f
P45L25	18.9±0.1^d	6.76±0.25^a	16.5±1.4^abc	0.66±0.05^b	0.59±0.03^bcd	1.25±0.03^bc
P45L30	22.7±0.3^e	7.99±1.03^ab	12.7±1.3^a	0.48±0.03^a	0.42±0.05^a	0.90±0.05^a
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	28.6±2.0^B	8.21±0.46	18.1±0.7^B	0.64±0.02	0.56±0.03^A	1.20±0.04^A
P40	15.9±0.8^A	8.31±0.48	18.7±1.3^B	0.67±0.04	0.81±0.03^B	1.47±0.06^B
P45	17.6±1.7^A	7.86±0.43	14.9±1.1^A	0.68±0.06	0.63±0.06^A	1.31±0.11^AB
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	21.3±3.9^Y	8.88±0.34^Y	18.4±1.4	0.80±0.04^Y	0.79±0.04^Y	1.59±0.07^Y
L25	18.4±1.5^X	8.08±0.52^XY	18.0±0.8	0.62±0.02^X	0.62±0.03^X	1.25±0.02^X
L30	22.5±1.2^Z	7.41±0.38^X	15.4±1.0	0.57±0.03^X	0.59±0.07^X	1.15±0.08^X
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.000	0.563	0.027	0.585	0.000	0.001
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.000	0.045	0.055	0.000	0.000	0.000
交互Interaction	0.000	0.040	0.011	0.008	0.002	0.000

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟抗氧化能力的影响

Table 7 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on antioxidative capacity of triploid rainbow trout

组别 Group	总抗氧化力T-AOC			丙二醛MDA			蛋白质羰基PC
组别 Group	血浆 Plasma (mmol/L)	肠道 Intestine (mmol/g prot)	肝脏 Liver (mmol/g prot)	血浆 Plasma (nmol/L)	肠道 Intestine (nmol/g prot)	肝脏Liver (nmol/g prot)	血浆 Plasma (nmol/L)	肠道 Intestine (nmol/g prot)	肝脏Liver (nmol/g prot)
P35L20	1.71±0.03^f	0.32±0.04^bcd	0.33±0.03^ab	7.48±0.12^bcd	9.93±0.61^abc	1.19±0.07^c	2.70±0.15^d	33.9±0.3^e	15.3±0.5^bc
P35L25	2.05±0.10^g	0.43±0.05^d	0.49±0.03^c	7.18±0.28^abc	13.6±1.2^abc	0.94±0.09^bc	2.15±0.01^c	26.3±0.8^c	13.8±1.3^abc
P35L30	1.30±0.11^de	0.30±0.03^bc	0.63±0.04^d	9.75±0.26^e	7.56±0.62^a	0.59±0.02^a	1.46±0.02^a	31.0±0.7^d	11.2±0.4^a
P40L20	1.51±0.12^ef	0.26±0.05^ab	0.23±0.02^a	8.99±1.09^de	8.98±0.90^ab	0.76±0.05^ab	2.18±0.02^c	17.8±0.2^b	13.5±2.0^abc
P40L25	1.26±0.15^de	0.39±0.05^cd	0.38±0.04^b	8.07±0.65^cd	9.23±1.07^abc	0.89±0.13^b	2.04±0.29^bc	23.8±0.6^c	12.8±0.3^ab
P40L30	1.05±0.03^cd	0.28±0.03^bc	0.38±0.06^b	6.41±0.26^ab	13.0±3.0^abc	0.85±0.14^ab	1.74±0.01^abc	17.0±1.5^b	14.4±0.2^bc
P45L20	0.76±0.03^b	0.15±0.02^a	0.32±0.03^ab	5.72±0.26^a	14.5±2.6^bc	0.97±0.06^bc	1.94±0.19^bc	15.6±0.5^ab	13.5±0.1^abc
P45L25	0.46±0.02^a	0.16±0.01^a	0.30±0.03^ab	6.42±0.39^ab	15.5±2.5^c	1.02±0.11^bc	1.87±0.09^abc	13.9±0.8^a	16.4±0.4^c
P45L30	0.94±0.09^bc	0.34±0.02^bcd	0.34±0.05^ab	7.04±0.20^abc	35.2±3.4^d	0.95±0.09^bc	1.64±0.04^ab	15.9±0.9^ab	15.7±0.0^bc
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	1.69±0.10^C	0.35±0.03^B	0.49±0.04^B	8.14±0.37^B	10.4±0.9^A	0.91±0.08^AB	2.10±0.23^B	30.4±1.4^C	13.4±0.8
P40	1.28±0.08^B	0.31±0.03^AB	0.33±0.03^A	7.83±0.51^B	10.2±1.0^A	0.83±0.06^A	1.99±0.11^AB	19.5±1.4^B	13.6±0.6
P45	0.72±0.07^A	0.23±0.03^A	0.32±0.02^A	6.45±0.23^A	22.4±3.4^B	0.98±0.05^B	1.82±0.08^A	15.1±0.5^A	15.2±0.6
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	1.33±0.13^Y	0.25±0.03^X	0.29±0.02^X	7.55±0.55	10.8±1.0^X	0.97±0.06^Y	2.27±0.15^Y	22.5±3.7	14.1±0.7
L25	1.25±0.20^Y	0.34±0.04^Y	0.40±0.03^Y	7.22±0.32	12.8±1.2^XY	0.95±0.06^Y	2.02±0.09^Y	21.3±2.4	14.4±0.8
L30	1.10±0.06^X	0.31±0.02^XY	0.45±0.05^Y	7.73±0.45	19.1±4.1^Y	0.80±0.07^X	1.61±0.05^X	21.3±3.1	13.8±0.9
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.039	0.070	0.000	0.054
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.025	0.038	0.000	0.398	0.000	0.004	0.001	0.170	0.710
交互Interaction	0.000	0.006	0.017	0.001	0.000	0.005	0.045	0.000	0.023

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟肌肉常规指标和肌肉颜色的影响

Table 8 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on fillet biometrical parameters and color of triploid rainbow trout

组别 Group	肌肉常规指标Fillet biometrical parameter			肌肉肉色Fillet color
组别 Group	出肉率FY (%)	鱼片长指数RFL	肌肉厚度FT (mm)	亮度值L*	红色值a*	黄色值b*	色度值C_ab*	色调角H_ab°
P35L20	62.4±0.8	0.765±0.004	25.7±0.8	46.3±1.0^e	16.3±0.3^c	22.9±0.3^e	28.2±0.4^d	54.6±0.6^c
P35L25	65.2±0.3	0.759±0.004	26.8±0.8	46.0±0.9^de	14.3±0.4^b	21.0±0.2^d	25.4±0.4^c	55.2±0.7^c
P35L30	65.2±0.5	0.749±0.004	25.6±0.9	44.2±1.1^cde	14.0±0.3^b	18.0±0.4^b	22.7±0.5^ab	52.7±0.5^b
P40L20	63.4±2.5	0.748±0.004	26.7±0.9	41.6±1.0^abc	13.1±0.2^a	16.9±0.3^a	21.5±0.3^a	51.6±0.6^b
P40L25	64.9±0.6	0.757±0.004	25.7±0.9	46.2±1.1^e	12.8±0.2^a	19.3±0.4^c	23.2±0.4^b	56.1±0.6^c
P40L30	64.2±0.4	0.752±0.006	25.6±1.0	43.2±1.1^bcd	14.2±0.2^b	18.4±0.4^bc	23.1±0.5^b	52.2±0.5^b
P45L20	62.9±0.8	0.747±0.004	23.8±1.0	42.4±0.8^abc	17.0±0.3^cd	21.4±0.3^d	27.4±0.4^d	51.3±0.5^b
P45L25	62.4±0.4	0.736±0.005	24.9±1.0	40.5±0.9^ab	17.0±0.3^cd	19.5±0.5^c	25.8±0.7^c	48.2±0.7^a
P45L30	62.9±0.4	0.732±0.004	25.0±1.0	40.2±0.7^a	17.3±0.2^d	19.4±0.4^c	25.9±0.5^c	48.4±0.5^a
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	64.3±0.4	0.757±0.002^B	26.0±0.5^B	45.5±0.6^C	14.9±0.2^B	20.6±0.3^B	25.4±0.3^B	54.2±0.4^B
P40	64.2±0.8	0.752±0.003^B	26.0±0.5^B	43.7±0.6^B	13.4±0.1^A	18.2±0.2^A	22.6±0.3^A	53.3±0.4^B
P45	62.7±0.3	0.738±0.002^A	24.6±0.6^A	41.1±0.5^A	17.1±0.2^C	20.1±0.3^B	26.4±0.3^C	49.3±0.4^A
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	62.9±0.9	0.753±0.002	25.4±0.6	43.5±0.6	15.5±0.2^Y	20.3±0.3^Y	25.6±0.4^Y	52.5±0.4^Y
L25	64.2±0.3	0.750±0.003	25.8±0.5	44.2±0.6	14.7±0.3^X	19.9±0.2^Y	24.8±0.3^XY	53.3±0.5^Y
L30	64.1±0.3	0.745±0.003	25.4±0.6	42.5±0.6	15.1±0.2^XY	18.6±0.2^X	24.0±0.3^X	51.1±0.4^X
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.325	0.000	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.188	0.079	0.715	0.194	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000
交互Interaction	0.906	0.571	0.353	0.006	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

下载: 导出CSV

表 9 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟肌肉肉质的影响

Table 9 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on fillet texture of triploid rainbow trout

组别 Group	脆性 Fracturability (N)	硬度 Hardness (N)	黏附性 Adhesiveness (mJ)	弹性 Springiness (mm)	咀嚼性 Chewiness (mJ)	内聚性 Cohesiveness
P35L20	6.26±0.18	7.65±0.11^b	2.29±0.19^a	12.6±0.4	23.8±0.7^e	0.255±0.005^e
P35L25	6.27±0.13	7.35±0.15^b	2.69±0.18^ab	13.3±0.4	24.3±0.6^e	0.250±0.003^de
P35L30	5.66±0.17	7.58±0.18^b	2.61±0.18^ab	12.4±0.5	21.7±0.7^d	0.238±0.005^cd
P40L20	6.08±0.14	7.35±0.14^b	3.04±0.18^bc	13.6±0.5	23.3±0.8^de	0.246±0.004^de
P40L25	5.63±0.12	6.68±0.09^a	2.22±0.14^a	12.2±0.5	18.5±0.6^c	0.229±0.003^c
P40L30	5.73±0.14	7.19±0.14^b	3.51±0.14^c	11.6±0.6	17.3±0.8^bc	0.215±0.004^b
P45L20	6.22±0.25	7.43±0.12^b	5.25±0.19^d	8.18±0.57	12.2±0.6^a	0.200±0.003^a
P45L25	6.06±0.20	8.23±0.23^c	6.17±0.19^e	9.11±0.58	13.6±0.5^a	0.199±0.003^a
P45L30	6.38±0.26	8.25±0.19^c	6.91±0.22^f	8.99±0.52	15.6±0.6^b	0.209±0.004^ab
饲料蛋白质水平Dietary protein level (%)
P35	6.06±0.10^AB	7.52±0.09^B	2.53±0.11^A	12.8±0.3^B	23.3±0.4^C	0.248±0.003^C
P40	5.81±0.08^A	7.07±0.08^A	2.94±0.11^B	12.4±0.3^B	19.3±0.5^B	0.230±0.003^B
P45	6.20±0.13^B	7.97±0.11^C	6.11±0.14^C	8.77±0.32^A	13.8±0.4^A	0.203±0.002^A
饲料脂肪水平Dietary lipid level (%)
L20	6.18±0.11	7.47±0.07	3.50±0.18^X	11.5±0.4	19.4±0.8	0.234±0.004^Y
L25	5.98±0.10	7.42±0.12	3.69±0.22^XY	11.5±0.4	18.3±0.6	0.226±0.003^XY
L30	5.87±0.11	7.66±0.11	4.28±0.23^Y	11.0±0.4	18.1±0.5	0.221±0.003^X
双因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA
饲料蛋白质水平 Dietary protein level	0.021	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
饲料脂肪水平 Dietary lipid level	0.174	0.118	0.000	0.694	0.130	0.001
交互Interaction	0.080	0.000	0.000	0.538	0.000	0.000

下载: 导出CSV

表 10 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟肌肉气味活性物质的影响

Table 10 Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on fillet odor active compounds of triploid rainbow trout

气味物质 odor Compounds	组别Group									双因素方差分析 Two-way assay
气味物质 odor Compounds	P35L20	P35L25	P35L30	P40L20	P40L25	P40L30	P45L20	P45L25	P45L30	P	L	P×L
1-庚醇 1-Heptanol	31.9±6.4	26.7±2.7	34.1±3.9	45.8±5.2	52.6±7.4	46.4±5.4	42.5±3.4	36.0±5.3	46.8±2.7	0.000	0.690	0.545
1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octen-3-ol	122±20	116±11	114±14	149±20	171±36	178±24	175±16	146±24	176±12	0.006	0.837	0.819
2, 3-戊二酮 2, 3-Pentanedione	80.3±18.5	109±12	85.9±11.7	54.6±8.6	93.2±12.8	80.2±11.0	49.0±5.1	72.7±8.3	66.7±4.3	0.034	0.005	0.858
2, 3-辛二酮 2, 3-Octanedione	84.9±17.5	100±13	74.8±8.7	55.1±4.9	110±18	70.9±6.4	51.1±4.1	100±11	79.3±6.4	0.665	0.000	0.274
3, 5-辛二烯-2-酮 3, 5-Octadien-2-one	116±25^a	227±42^b	188±40^ab	114±19^a	108±19^a	137±14^a	159±13^ab	148±21^a	128±9^a	0.014	0.303	0.042
己醛Hexanal	539±94	504±51	433±49	506±66	612±110	550±72	536±53	423±57	449±27	0.282	0.667	0.596
(E)-2-己烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal	16.3±3.4	20.0±2.4	19.3±2.2	18.7±1.8	21.5±2.0	25.8±3.7	21.2±1.3	14.1±1.8	19.2±1.4	0.087	0.254	0.115
庚醛Heptanal	75.4±13.2	88.0±10.1	70.7±8.6	81.8±8.2	100±15	86.9±9.0	72.4±6.5	68.9±6.9	75.1±2.9	0.218	0.663	0.952
(Z)-2-庚烯醛 (Z)-2-Heptadienal	54.6±12.3	51.0±4.8	81.6±16.6	65.9±5.7	55.9±7.5	64.7±8.1	59.5±4.5	50.3±7.2	64.8±4.1	0.926	0.095	0.556
辛醛Octanal	81.7±15.3	112±12	111±13	111±9	118±14	113±11	101±9	101±11	109±4	0.347	0.194	0.792
(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal	15.8±4.4	25.4±4.8	19.3±2.2	14.7±1.7	24.0±2.9	24.0±3.4	18.0±1.0	15.5±2.3	16.9±1.7	0.218	0.041	0.136
(E)-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-Octenal	18.3±4.5	23.6±3.1	20.1±2.7	17.2±1.7	20.6±2.3	21.6±2.5	19.3±1.8	15.8±2.1	18.7±1.5	0.689	0.721	0.756
壬醛Nonanal	115±23	180±21	138±26	131±16	151±21	126±19	132±21	143±14	162±10	0.665	0.209	0.617
(E,Z)-2,6-壬二醛 (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal	16.4±4.1	24.3±3.8	19.9±2.6	15.2±1.3	15.5±1.9	18.3±2.5	18.0±2.1	14.7±2.1	19.9±2.0	0.282	0.460	0.252
(E)-2-壬烯醛 (E)-2-Nonenal	11.3±2.7	15.9±2.1	8.60±1.07	7.55±0.71	9.72±1.39	9.51±1.11	9.62±1.77	9.02±0.95	11.5±1.2	0.120	0.235	0.072
癸醛Decanal	13.8±3.2	23.3±2.4	21.0±4.7	17.0±1.8	16.7±1.8	13.6±1.6	14.3±1.9	15.0±1.5	19.4±1.1	0.277	0.241	0.144
十一醛 Undecanal	8.43±1.49^a	23.8±2.9^cd	20.4±4.1^bcd	19.0±2.1^bcd	17.5±1.9^bc	15.4±2.2^b	16.3±2.3^bc	19.0±1.1^bcd	26.2±2.0^d	0.097	0.014	0.001
2-乙基-呋喃 2-Ethy-furan	13.2±2.4	17.3±2.5	18.3±3.4	12.7±1.3	15.1±1.9	15.8±2.0	12.8±1.0	13.1±1.4	13.0±0.8	0.129	0.093	0.772
2-戊基-呋喃 2-Pentyl-furan	6.65±1.36	10.1±1.4	7.69±1.06	7.45±0.77	7.09±1.07	7.24±0.65	7.19±0.88	6.35±1.00	6.85±0.48	0.362	0.511	0.331
总计Total	1420±256	1694±173	1467±182	1443±146	1720±288	1624±193	1514±123	1395±176	1508±74	0.837	0.484	0.918
∑n-3降解产物 ∑n-3 derived	232±50	375±65	344±55	241±26	235±31	286±32	288±20	265±32	261±12	0.127	0.321	0.156
∑n-6降解产物 ∑n-6 derived	772±132	752±79	648±81	768±95	929±183	854±105	820±75	669±91	737±43	0.281	0.848	0.696
∑n-9降解产物 ∑n-9 derived	318±59	430±41	373±51	387±37	438±55	386±41	362±40	364±38	413±18	0.715	0.320	0.833

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(25)

[1]	农业农村部渔业渔政管理局, 全国水产技术推广总站, 中国水产学会. 2023中国渔业统计年鉴 [M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2023: 25. Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Fisheries Technology Extension Center, China Society of Fisheries. 2023 China Fishery Statistical Year Book [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2023: 25.
[2]	Ma R, Liu X, Meng Y, et al. Protein nutrition on sub-adult triploid rainbow trout (1): Dietary requirement and effect on anti-oxidative capacity, protein digestion and absorption [J]. Aquaculture, 2019(507): 428-434. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.03.069
[3]	韩步鹰, 孟玉琼, 刘小红, 等. 饲料蛋白质水平对三倍体虹鳟生长和肠道组织形态的影响 [J]. 水产学杂志, 2020, 33(1): 1-7. Han B Y, Meng Y Q, Liu X H, et al. Effect of dietary protein levels on growth and intestinal histological morphology of triploid rainbow trout [J]. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 2020, 33(1): 1-7.
[4]	Cao S, Guan L, Li C, et al. Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, metabolism, antioxidative capacity, and fillet quality of adult triploid rainbow trout farmed in net cage [J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2023(2023): 4733343.
[5]	Gao W, Liu Y, Tian L, et al. Protein-sparing capability of dietary lipid in herbivorous and omnivorous freshwater finfish: a comparative case study on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) [J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2011, 17(1): 2-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00698.x
[6]	Meng Y, Qian K, Ma R, et al. Effects of dietary lipid levels on sub-adult triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): 1. Growth performance, digestive ability, health status and expression of growth-related genes [J]. Aquaculture, 2019(513): 734394. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734394
[7]	Meng Y, Tian H, Hu X, et al. Effects of dietary lipid levels on the lipid deposition and metabolism of subadult triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2022(2022): 6924835.
[8]	Liu G, Chen L, Tian H, et al. Adult triploid rainbow trout can adapt to various dietary lipid levels by coordinating metabolism in different tissues [J]. Metabolites, 2023, 13(3): 396. doi: 10.3390/metabo13030396
[9]	Meng Y, Liu X, Guan L, et al. Does dietary lipid level affect the quality of triploid rainbow trout and how should it be assessed [J]? Foods, 2022, 12(1): 15. doi: 10.3390/foods12010015
[10]	Horwitz W. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International [M]. 17th edition, Gaithersburg (Maryland). Association of Ofﬁcial Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International, 2005: 1-44.
[11]	Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley G H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues [J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1957, 226(1): 497-509. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5
[12]	Xu H, Bi Q, Meng X, et al. Response of lipid and fatty acid composition of turbot to starvation under different dietary lipid levels in the previous feeding period [J]. Food Research International, 2022(151): 110905. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110905
[13]	张姚铮泰, 谢凯, 石勇, 等. 饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对丝尾鳠幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2024, 48(6): 968-978. Zhangyao Z T, Xie K, Shi Y, et al. Dietary protein and lipid level on growth, serum biochemical index and liver antioxidant capacity of juvenile Asian red-tailed catfish (Hemibagrus wyckioides) [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2024, 48(6): 968-978.
[14]	美国科学院国家研究委员会. 鱼类与甲壳类营养需要 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社. 2015: 75-77. National Research Council of the American Academy of Sciences. Nutrient Requirement of Fish and Shrimp [M]. Beijing: Science Press. 2015: 75-77.
[15]	Meng Y, Han B, Li C, et al. Digestive characteristics and blood chemistry profile of triploid rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: influence of body size and seasonal variation [J]. Fisheries Science, 2019, 85(6): 1001-1010. doi: 10.1007/s12562-019-01348-6
[16]	García-Meilán I, Ordóñez-Grande B, Machahua C, et al. Effects of dietary protein-to-lipid ratio on digestive and absorptive processes in sea bass fingerlings [J]. Aquaculture, 2016(463): 163-173. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.039
[17]	Meng Y, Li C, Qin Q, et al. Dietary lipid levels affect the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2018, 49(4): 788-797. doi: 10.1111/jwas.12474
[18]	Xu Z, Zhang P, Chang Q, et al. Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, muscle composition, immunity index and biochemical index of the greenfin horse-faced filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis) juvenile [J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2021, 20(5): 1245-1252. doi: 10.1007/s11802-021-4885-y
[19]	Chen Y, Yang H, Guo B, et al. Dietary effects of protein and lipid levels on growth performance and flesh quality of large-size largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) [J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2023(33): 101852. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101852
[20]	陈拥军, 林仕梅, 罗莉, 等. 饲料油脂氧化对养殖鱼类生长及健康的危害 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2016, 40(3): 624-633. Chen Y J, Lin S M, Luo L, et al. Detrimental effects of dietary oil oxidation on growth and health status of fish [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2016, 40(3): 624-633.
[21]	Periago M J, Ayala M D, López-Albors O, et al. Muscle cellularity and flesh quality of wild and farmed sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L [J]. Aquaculture, 2005(249): 175-188. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.047
[22]	卓琳莹, 管玲玲, 鲍守民, 等. 二、三倍体虹鳟肌肉感官品质差异的对比分析 [J]. 食品科学, 2022, 43(18): 209-215. Zhuo L Y, Guan L L, Bao S M, et al. Comparison of sensory quality between diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscles [J]. Food Science, 2022, 43(18): 209-215.
[23]	管玲玲, 刘小红, 田海宁等. 不同养殖模式下三倍体虹鳟鱼肉品质差异的研究 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(7): 1016-1028. Guan L L, Liu X H, Tian H N, et al. Fillet quality difference of triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured under different modes [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2022, 46(7): 1016-1028.
[24]	Guan L, Zhuo L, Tian H, et al. Canola oil substitution doesn’t affect growth but alters fillet quality of triploid rainbow trout [J]. Aquaculture, 2023(569): 739385. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739385
[25]	Ma R, Liu X, Tian H, et al. Odor-active volatile compounds profile of triploid rainbow trout with different marketable sizes [J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2020(17): 100312. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100312

施引文献

资源附件(0)

表(10)

计量

文章访问数: 298
HTML全文浏览量: 68
PDF下载量: 44
被引次数: 0

饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟生长性能、生理代谢和感官品质的影响

作者简介: 陈丽霞(1994—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail: 2406213494@qq.com 曹嵩靖(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail: 1427310697@qq.com *共同第一作者

通信作者: 马睿(1986—), 男, 博士, 教授; 主要从事水产动物营养与饲料学研究。E-mail: myrui713@163.com

计量

出版历程

DIETARY PROTEIN AND LIPID LEVELS ON GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL METABOLISM AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF TRIPLOID RAINBOW TROUT

Corresponding author:

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
陈丽霞(1994—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail: 2406213494@qq.com

曹嵩靖(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail: 1427310697@qq.com　*共同第一作者

通信作者:
马睿(1986—), 男, 博士, 教授; 主要从事水产动物营养与饲料学研究。E-mail: myrui713@163.com