倪氏复口吸虫在稀有鮈鲫体内的移行及对其耳石微结构的影响
MIGRATION OF DIPLOSTOMUM NIEDASHUI CERCARIAE IN THE RARE MINNOW GOBIOCYPRIS RARUS WITH OBSERVATION ON THE PARASITE-INDUCED OTOLITH CHECKS
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摘要: 倪氏复口吸虫是我国淡水鱼类的一种常见的危害严重的寄生虫.利用稀有鮈鲫作为寄主,研究了倪氏复口吸虫在其体内的移行途径,并观察了复口吸虫的感染是否在寄主耳石上留下标记轮.倪氏复口吸虫尾蚴从稀有鮈鲫体表的各个部位侵入,但主要集中在头部,侵入体内的尾蚴通过肌肉和结缔组织直接进入眼球.感染倪氏复口吸虫的稀有鮈鲫耳石表面微结构发生变化,部分鱼耳石上出现明显的标记轮.Abstract: The penetration and migration of the eyefluke Diplostomum niedashui,a common parasite of freshwater fish in China were investigated using the rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus as the second intermediate host. The first intermediate host,Lymnaea stagnalis was collected from a fish farm in Wuhan,Hubei province of China,and the snails shedding cercariae were maintained in the laboratory. The cercariae of D. niedashui were identified according to the original description,and used to infect the rare minnow. Infected fish were either fixed in Bouin's solution and then sectioned before being stained in H-E,or observed live under microscope. Otoliths of some infected fish were dissected out for the examination of checks. The penetration of cercariae was observed on the whole body surface of the fish,while most cercariae were found on the head region of the fish, suggesting that the head region is the main site for the penetration. Although the penetrated cercariae were observed in the notochord,no meta-cercariae were found in the optic nerve,nor to migrate to the brain and to the eye through the nervous system. The metacercariae were found frequently in muscles and connective tissues of the fish and found moving directly into the lens through the muscle and connective tissue of the fish. The examination of otolith microstructure revealed some differences between the infected and un-infected fish,and checks on the otolith were found when the infection occurred,indicating that the parasite infection may induce the formation of checks on otoliths.
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Keywords:
- Eyefluke /
- Diplostomum niedashui /
- Rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus
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[1] Pike A W, Lewis. Parasitic disease of fish [M],Dyfed. UK:Samara Publishing Limited, 1994, 59-86[2] Hoglund J. Experiments on second intermediate fish host related cercarial transmission of the eyefluke Diplostomum spathaceum into rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [J]. Folia Parasitol, 1995, 42:49-53[3] Pan J P, Wang W J. Studies on Diplostomatosis and its control, with descriptions of two new species [J]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sin., 1963,1:1-45. [潘金培,王伟俊. 复口吸虫病的研究及其防治方法,包括二新种的描述. 水生生物学集刊,1963,1:1-45][4] Whyte S K, Allan J C, Secombes C J, et al. Cercariae and diplostomules of Diplostomum spathaceum (Digenea) elicit an immune response in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson [J]. J Fish Biol, 1987,31A:185-190[5] Whyte S K, Chappell L H, Secombes C J. Cytotoxic reactions of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, macrophages for larvae of the eye fluke Diplostomum spathaceum (Digenea) [J]. J Fish Biol, 1989, 35:333-345[6] Bortz B M, Kennedy G E, Pauley G B, et al, Prevalence of two site-specific populations of Diplostomum spp. in eye infections of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from lakes in Washington State, U.S.A [J]. J Fish Biol,1988,33:31-43[7] Moczon T. A cysteine proteinase in the cercariae of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda, Diplostomidae) [J]. Parasitol Res, 1994,80:680-683[8] Moczon T. A serine proteinase in the penetration glands of the cercariae of Plagiorchis elegans (Trematoda, Plagiorchiidae) [J]. Parasitol Res, 1996, 82:72-76[9] Mikes L, Hork P. A protein with lectin activity in penetration glands of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum cercariae [J]. Int J Parasitol, 2001, 31:245-252[10] Morley N J, Crane R, Lewis J W. Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) cercarial survival [J]. Int J Parasitol, 2001, 31:1211-1217[11] Zheng X Y. Studies on the Diplostomtiasis of rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) and its biology of pathogens [D]. Wuhan: Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1987. [郑小英. 虹鳟复口吸虫病及其病原生物学的研究. 武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所. 1987][12] Lü J Y. Studies on the life histories of Diplostomum niedashui and Diplostomum hupenhensis I. The experimental bionomics of the early larvae [J]. Acta Hydrobiol Sini, 1987,11:310-319. [吕军仪. 倪氏复口吸虫和湖北复口吸虫生活史的研究,Ⅰ.早期幼虫的实验生态. 水生生物学报,1987,11::310-319][13] Lü J Y. Studies on the life histories of Diplostomum niedashui and Diplostomum hupenhensis Ⅱ. Descriptions of the early larvae and adults [J]. Acta Hydrobiol Sini, 1990, 14:265-273. [吕军仪. 倪式复口吸虫和湖北复口吸虫生活史的研究,Ⅱ. 各期幼虫及成虫形态的描述. 水生生物学报,1990,14:265-273][14] Nie P. Frequency distribution and seasonal dynamics of Diplostomulum spp. In eyes of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J]. Acta Parasitol. Med. Entomol. Sin. 1996,3:256-259. [聂品. 寄生鲢、鳙和草鱼复口吸虫的频率分布和季节动态. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,1996,3:256-259][15] Erasmus D A. The migration of Cercaria X Baylis (Strigeida) within the fish intermediate host [J]. Parasitology, 1959, 49:173-190[16] Ratanart-Brockelman C. Migration of Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) in the fish intermediate host [J]. Z Parasitenkd, 1974, 43:123-134[17] Hoglund J. Ultrastructural observations and radiometric assay on cercarial penetration and migration of the digenean Diplostomum spathaceum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [J]. Parasitol Res, 1991, 77:789-794[18] Ferguson M S. Migration and localization of an animal parasite within the host [J]. J Expl Zool, 1943, 93:375-401[19] Davis D J. Pathological studies on the penetration of the ceracriae of the strigeid trematode Diplostomum flexicaudum [J]. J Parasitol,1936,22:329-329[20] Betterton C. Studies on the host-specificity of the eyefluke, Diplostomum spathaceum in brown and rainbow trout [J]. Parasitology, 1974, 69:11-29[21] Johnson J A. The migration of Cotylurus erraticus cercariae (Trematoda: Strigeidae) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and their effects on the host [J]. J Parasitol, 1971, 57:244-251[22] Larson O R. Cercarial penetration, localization, and lenticular hernia in the black bullhead, Ictalurus melas [J]. J Parasitol, 1965,15[Suppl]:23-24[23] Hoffman G L, Hoyme J B. The experimental histopathology of the tumour on the brain of the stickleback caused by Diplostomum baerieucaliae Hoffman and Hundley, 1957 (Trematoda: Strigeoidae) [J]. J Parasitol, 1958, 44:374-378[24] Graczyk T. Opinions on the ways of reaching the eyeball by cercaria of the Diplostomum genus [J]. Wiad Parazytol, 1990, 36:91-97[25] Zhang J Y, Qiu Z Z, Ding X J, et al. Fish Parasitology [M]. Beijing: Science press. 1990, 188-192. [张剑英,邱兆祉,丁雪娟等. 鱼类寄生虫学. 北京:科学出版社,1990,188-192][26] Campana S E. Feeding periodicity and the production of daily growth increments in otoliths of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) and starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) [J]. Can J Zool, 1983,61:1591-1597[27] Stevenson D K, Campana S E. Otolith microstructure examination and analysis [J]. Can Spec Publ Fish Aquat Sci, 1992, 117:1-11[28] Pannella A. Fish otoliths: daily growth layers and periodical patterns [J]. Science, 1971, 173:1124-1127[29] Campana S E. Neilson J D. Microstructure of fish otoliths [J]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 1985, 42:1014-1032[30] Campana S E. Interactive effects of age and environmental modifiers on the production of daily growth increments in otoliths of plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) [J]. Fish Bull, 1984,82:165-177 Pike A W, Lewis. Parasitic disease of fish [M],Dyfed. UK:Samara Publishing Limited, 1994, 59-86[2] Hoglund J. Experiments on second intermediate fish host related cercarial transmission of the eyefluke Diplostomum spathaceum into rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [J]. Folia Parasitol, 1995, 42:49-53[3] Pan J P, Wang W J. Studies on Diplostomatosis and its control, with descriptions of two new species [J]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sin., 1963,1:1-45. [潘金培,王伟俊. 复口吸虫病的研究及其防治方法,包括二新种的描述. 水生生物学集刊,1963,1:1-45][4] Whyte S K, Allan J C, Secombes C J, et al. Cercariae and diplostomules of Diplostomum spathaceum (Digenea) elicit an immune response in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson [J]. J Fish Biol, 1987,31A:185-190[5] Whyte S K, Chappell L H, Secombes C J. Cytotoxic reactions of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, macrophages for larvae of the eye fluke Diplostomum spathaceum (Digenea) [J]. J Fish Biol, 1989, 35:333-345[6] Bortz B M, Kennedy G E, Pauley G B, et al, Prevalence of two site-specific populations of Diplostomum spp. in eye infections of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from lakes in Washington State, U.S.A [J]. J Fish Biol,1988,33:31-43[7] Moczon T. A cysteine proteinase in the cercariae of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda, Diplostomidae) [J]. Parasitol Res, 1994,80:680-683[8] Moczon T. A serine proteinase in the penetration glands of the cercariae of Plagiorchis elegans (Trematoda, Plagiorchiidae) [J]. Parasitol Res, 1996, 82:72-76[9] Mikes L, Hork P. A protein with lectin activity in penetration glands of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum cercariae [J]. Int J Parasitol, 2001, 31:245-252[10] Morley N J, Crane R, Lewis J W. Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) cercarial survival [J]. Int J Parasitol, 2001, 31:1211-1217[11] Zheng X Y. Studies on the Diplostomtiasis of rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) and its biology of pathogens [D]. Wuhan: Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1987. [郑小英. 虹鳟复口吸虫病及其病原生物学的研究. 武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所. 1987][12] Lü J Y. Studies on the life histories of Diplostomum niedashui and Diplostomum hupenhensis I. The experimental bionomics of the early larvae [J]. Acta Hydrobiol Sini, 1987,11:310-319. [吕军仪. 倪氏复口吸虫和湖北复口吸虫生活史的研究,Ⅰ.早期幼虫的实验生态. 水生生物学报,1987,11::310-319][13] Lü J Y. Studies on the life histories of Diplostomum niedashui and Diplostomum hupenhensis Ⅱ. Descriptions of the early larvae and adults [J]. Acta Hydrobiol Sini, 1990, 14:265-273. [吕军仪. 倪式复口吸虫和湖北复口吸虫生活史的研究,Ⅱ. 各期幼虫及成虫形态的描述. 水生生物学报,1990,14:265-273][14] Nie P. Frequency distribution and seasonal dynamics of Diplostomulum spp. In eyes of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J]. Acta Parasitol. Med. Entomol. Sin. 1996,3:256-259. [聂品. 寄生鲢、鳙和草鱼复口吸虫的频率分布和季节动态. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,1996,3:256-259][15] Erasmus D A. The migration of Cercaria X Baylis (Strigeida) within the fish intermediate host [J]. Parasitology, 1959, 49:173-190[16] Ratanart-Brockelman C. Migration of Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) in the fish intermediate host [J]. Z Parasitenkd, 1974, 43:123-134[17] Hoglund J. Ultrastructural observations and radiometric assay on cercarial penetration and migration of the digenean Diplostomum spathaceum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [J]. Parasitol Res, 1991, 77:789-794[18] Ferguson M S. Migration and localization of an animal parasite within the host [J]. J Expl Zool, 1943, 93:375-401[19] Davis D J. Pathological studies on the penetration of the ceracriae of the strigeid trematode Diplostomum flexicaudum [J]. J Parasitol,1936,22:329-329[20] Betterton C. Studies on the host-specificity of the eyefluke, Diplostomum spathaceum in brown and rainbow trout [J]. Parasitology, 1974, 69:11-29[21] Johnson J A. The migration of Cotylurus erraticus cercariae (Trematoda: Strigeidae) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and their effects on the host [J]. J Parasitol, 1971, 57:244-251[22] Larson O R. Cercarial penetration, localization, and lenticular hernia in the black bullhead, Ictalurus melas [J]. J Parasitol, 1965,15[Suppl]:23-24[23] Hoffman G L, Hoyme J B. The experimental histopathology of the tumour on the brain of the stickleback caused by Diplostomum baerieucaliae Hoffman and Hundley, 1957 (Trematoda: Strigeoidae) [J]. J Parasitol, 1958, 44:374-378[24] Graczyk T. Opinions on the ways of reaching the eyeball by cercaria of the Diplostomum genus [J]. Wiad Parazytol, 1990, 36:91-97[25] Zhang J Y, Qiu Z Z, Ding X J, et al. Fish Parasitology [M]. Beijing: Science press. 1990, 188-192. [张剑英,邱兆祉,丁雪娟等. 鱼类寄生虫学. 北京:科学出版社,1990,188-192][26] Campana S E. Feeding periodicity and the production of daily growth increments in otoliths of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) and starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) [J]. Can J Zool, 1983,61:1591-1597[27] Stevenson D K, Campana S E. Otolith microstructure examination and analysis [J]. Can Spec Publ Fish Aquat Sci, 1992, 117:1-11[28] Pannella A. Fish otoliths: daily growth layers and periodical patterns [J]. Science, 1971, 173:1124-1127[29] Campana S E. Neilson J D. Microstructure of fish otoliths [J]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 1985, 42:1014-1032[30] Campana S E. Interactive effects of age and environmental modifiers on the production of daily growth increments in otoliths of plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) [J]. Fish Bull, 1984,82:165-177
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